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AP Psychology > Unit 1: History of Psychology and Unit 2: Psychological Research Methods > Flashcards

Unit 1: History of Psychology and Unit 2: Psychological Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

How did psychology start in history?

A

Psychology had its roots in philosophy and the pondering by the ancients about the connection between body and mind

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2
Q

What did Socrates and Plato contribute to early psychology?

A

Socrates and Plato stated that the mind was separable from the body and continued on after the body died
They also said that knowledge was innate, or born within us

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3
Q

What did Aristotle contribute to early psychology?

A

He said that knowledge wasn’t innate and that it was obtained through experiences

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4
Q

What did Rene Descartes contribute to early psychology?

A

He agreed with Socrates and Plato that the mind and body were separable

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5
Q

What was John Locke’s contribution to psychology?

A

John Locke developed empiricism, which pioneered psychology’s development as a science

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6
Q

empiricism

A

idea that what we know comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

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7
Q

What was the contribution of Wilhem Wundt?

A

“Founder of psychology” as a science
Developed the first psychological laboratory
Influenced structuralism

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8
Q

structuralism

A

school of thought focusing on using elements of the mind to understand the whole structure; used introspection to understand elements

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9
Q

introspection

A

self-reflection on thoughts and feelings about a situation

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10
Q

What was the contribution of William James?

A

“Father of Psychology” in the US
wrote the first modern textbook for Psychology
leading founder of functionalism

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11
Q

functionalism

A

school of thought focusing on the purpose and function of behavior and cognition

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12
Q

behaviorism

A

school of thought that psychology is the study of observable behavior

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13
Q

What was the contribution of John B. Watson?

A

developed behaviorism

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14
Q

What was the contribution of B. F. Skinner?

A

Developed operant conditioning

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15
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

school of thought focusing on the whole of the mind and behavior rather than the parts

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16
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Very influential figure in psychology who developed psychoanalysis

17
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

method of diagnosing and treating psychological disorders via verbal interactions with patients

18
Q

biological perspective

A

emphasizes the influence of biological processes on behavior and cognition

19
Q

behavioral perspective

A

emphasizes that psychology is the study of observable behavior

20
Q

cognitive perspective

A

emphasizes the influence of cognitive processes on observable behavior

21
Q

humanistic perspective

A

emphasizes the influence of human capacity for growth and positive choices on behavior and cognition

22
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

emphasizes the influence of unconscious desires and internal conflicts on behavior and cognition

23
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

emphasizes the influence of society and culture on behavior

24
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

emphasizes the influence of natural selection on behavior

25
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

emphasizes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence behavior and cognition

26
Q

developmental psychology

A

study of how heredity and the environment influence human development throughout the lifespan

27
Q

industrial/organizational psychology

A

study of behavior and cognition in the workplace and professional settings

28
Q

social psychology

A

study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

29
Q

counseling psychology

A

application of psychological concepts into daily life problems (work, school, marriage)

30
Q

survey

A

interviewing individuals or sending surveys to individuals to collect data

31
Q

case study

A

analyze one individual in hopes of generalizing to a greater population

32
Q

naturalistic observation

A

observe organisms objectively in their natural habitat without interference

33
Q

descriptive statistics

A

collecting, organizing, and summarizing data

34
Q

inferential statistics

A

using sample summaries to make conclusions about the population

35
Q

ethics

A

branch of philosophy concerning the study of right and wrong behavior

36
Q

Institutional Review Board

A

organization of scientists to which experiments must be sent to make sure they are ethical

37
Q

informed consent

A

permission is given by subject to perform experiment on them

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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