Unit 1: History of Psychology and Unit 2: Psychological Research Methods

Question 1

How did psychology start in history?

Answer 1

Psychology had its roots in philosophy and the pondering by the ancients about the connection between body and mind

Question 2

What did Socrates and Plato contribute to early psychology?

Answer 2

Socrates and Plato stated that the mind was separable from the body and continued on after the body died
They also said that knowledge was innate, or born within us

Question 3

What did Aristotle contribute to early psychology?

Answer 3

He said that knowledge wasn’t innate and that it was obtained through experiences

Question 4

What did Rene Descartes contribute to early psychology?

Answer 4

He agreed with Socrates and Plato that the mind and body were separable

Question 5

What was John Locke’s contribution to psychology?

Answer 5

John Locke developed empiricism, which pioneered psychology’s development as a science

Question 6

empiricism

Answer 6

idea that what we know comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

Question 7

What was the contribution of Wilhem Wundt?

Answer 7

“Founder of psychology” as a science
Developed the first psychological laboratory
Influenced structuralism

Question 8

structuralism

Answer 8

school of thought focusing on using elements of the mind to understand the whole structure; used introspection to understand elements

Question 9

introspection

Answer 9

self-reflection on thoughts and feelings about a situation

Question 10

What was the contribution of William James?

Answer 10

“Father of Psychology” in the US
wrote the first modern textbook for Psychology
leading founder of functionalism

Question 11

functionalism

Answer 11

school of thought focusing on the purpose and function of behavior and cognition

Question 12

behaviorism

Answer 12

school of thought that psychology is the study of observable behavior

Question 13

What was the contribution of John B. Watson?

Answer 13

developed behaviorism

Question 14

What was the contribution of B. F. Skinner?

Answer 14

Developed operant conditioning

Question 15

Gestalt psychology

Answer 15

school of thought focusing on the whole of the mind and behavior rather than the parts

Question 16

Sigmund Freud

Answer 16

Very influential figure in psychology who developed psychoanalysis

Question 17

Psychoanalysis

Answer 17

method of diagnosing and treating psychological disorders via verbal interactions with patients

Question 18

biological perspective

Answer 18

emphasizes the influence of biological processes on behavior and cognition

Question 19

behavioral perspective

Answer 19

emphasizes that psychology is the study of observable behavior

Question 20

cognitive perspective

Answer 20

emphasizes the influence of cognitive processes on observable behavior

Question 21

humanistic perspective

Answer 21

emphasizes the influence of human capacity for growth and positive choices on behavior and cognition

Question 22

psychodynamic perspective

Answer 22

emphasizes the influence of unconscious desires and internal conflicts on behavior and cognition

Question 23

sociocultural perspective

Answer 23

emphasizes the influence of society and culture on behavior

Question 24

evolutionary perspective

Answer 24

emphasizes the influence of natural selection on behavior

Question 25

biopsychosocial perspective

Answer 25

emphasizes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence behavior and cognition

Question 26

developmental psychology

Answer 26

study of how heredity and the environment influence human development throughout the lifespan

Question 27

industrial/organizational psychology

Answer 27

study of behavior and cognition in the workplace and professional settings

Question 28

social psychology

Answer 28

study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 29

counseling psychology

Answer 29

application of psychological concepts into daily life problems (work, school, marriage)

Question 30

survey

Answer 30

interviewing individuals or sending surveys to individuals to collect data

Question 31

case study

Answer 31

analyze one individual in hopes of generalizing to a greater population

Question 32

naturalistic observation

Answer 32

observe organisms objectively in their natural habitat without interference

Question 33

descriptive statistics

Answer 33

collecting, organizing, and summarizing data

Question 34

inferential statistics

Answer 34

using sample summaries to make conclusions about the population

Question 35

ethics

Answer 35

branch of philosophy concerning the study of right and wrong behavior

Question 36

Institutional Review Board

Answer 36

organization of scientists to which experiments must be sent to make sure they are ethical

Question 37

informed consent

Answer 37

permission is given by subject to perform experiment on them