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AP Psychology > Unit 12: Abnormal Behaviors > Flashcards

Unit 12: Abnormal Behaviors Flashcards

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1
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

perspective of mental illness in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence mental illness and treatment

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2
Q

Maladaptive

A

behavior that disrupts daily functioning

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3
Q

medical model

A

model of mental illness in which it is purely biologically influenced and is a disease with a treatment

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4
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; a classification system that mental health professionals use to diagnose psychological disorders

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5
Q

How is normality defined, and what are the major psychological disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V)?

A

Normality is subjectively defined and defined via social norms. The major psychological disorders include childhood, organic, substance-related, anxiety, somatoform, dissociative, sexual and gender identity, and eating disorders.

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6
Q

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

disorder starting at around age 7 and marked by: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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7
Q

bipolar disorder

A

disorder characterized by both manic and depressed episodes

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8
Q

delusions of grandeur

A

belief of being the most important

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9
Q

learned helplessness

A

giving up due to the belief of being unable to control circumstances

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10
Q

major depressive disorder

A

disorder with long-term depression and loss of interest in activities

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11
Q

Mania

A

intense excitement, enthusiasm, and desire

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12
Q

psychological disorder

A

pattern of behavior that may cause personal stress, harm others or oneself, and disrupts daily functioning

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13
Q

Delusions

A

unusual beliefs that are not based on facts

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14
Q

delusions of persecution

A

belief that one is being manipulated, harassed, or stalked

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15
Q

Hallucinations

A

seeing, hearing, or feeling things not likely real

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16
Q

mood or affective disorders

A

disorders characterized by distorted emotion

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17
Q

schizophrenic disorders

A

disorders characterized by distorted thoughts

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18
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of public situations and leaving home comfort

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19
Q

anxiety disorders

A

disorders characterized by feelings of extreme fear and stress

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20
Q

biological and social-cognitive factors in mood disorders

A

family history, chemical imbalances, poor social skills, stressful experiences, pessimism, catastrophic thinking, etc

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21
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by chronic, maladaptive feelings of anxiety

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22
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

anxiety disorder characterized by periods of senseless, time-consuming rituals

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23
Q

panic attack

A

burst of anxiety and fear without sensed danger

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24
Q

panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks

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25
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

anxiety disorder characterized by psychological disturbances following a traumatic experience

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26
Q

Catatonia

A

remaining motionless for hours and then becoming agitated

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27
Q

Compulsion

A

repetitive behaviors

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28
Q

conversion disorder

A

a medically unexplained somatoform disorder in which individuals lose function of an organ following a conflict or stressful situation

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29
Q

negative symptoms

A

symptoms of schizophrenia including toneless voices, expressionless faces, and mute and rigid bodies

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30
Q

Obsession

A

repetitive thought processes

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31
Q

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

A

having a mildly depressed mood for at least two years

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32
Q

positive symptoms

A

symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, disorganized thought, and inappropriate emotions

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33
Q

Psychosis

A

psychotic disorder marked by irrationality and lost contact with reality

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34
Q

Rumination

A

overthinking about our problems and their causes

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35
Q

social phobia

A

intense fear of social situations

36
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disorders involving the separation of consciousness from one’s original identity

37
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

personality disorder involving being against social rules of morality and exhibiting impulsive behavior without regard for consequences

38
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

personality disorder consisting of attempting to obtain attention from others

39
Q

illness anxiety disorder (formerly hypochondriasis)

A

somatoform disorder involving persisting worry that one has an illness

40
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

personality disorder consisting of the belief that one is already more important or superior to others

41
Q

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

personality disorder involving perfectionistic and stubborn tendencies

42
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

personality disorder involving persistent mistrust and suspicion toward others

43
Q

personality disorders

A

psychological disorders involving a maladaptive, stubborn and persistent pattern of thought that is usually unhealthy

44
Q

somatoform or somatic symptom disorders

A

psychological disorders involving the experience of physical symptoms without any apparent physical cause

45
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

Type of psychological disorder involving a maladaptive, stubborn and persistent pattern of thought that is usually unhealthy

46
Q

What problems result when a person suffers high levels of anxiety?

A

The person may develop an anxiety disorder

47
Q

How do psychologists explain anxiety-based disorders?

A

Anxiety-based disorders may occur due to persistent feelings of fear and stress

48
Q

What forms does schizophrenia take?

A

paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, and undifferentiated schizophrenic disorders

49
Q

What are mood disorders?

A

Mood disorders are disorders characterized by distorted emotions

50
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder involving unhealthy dieting and starvation to control weight

51
Q

Bulimia

A

eating disorder involving binge eating episodes followed by unhealthy methods of purging and controlling weight

52
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

portion of the brain involved in empathy, emotion, impulse control, and decision making

53
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

psychological disorder involving deficiencies in social interaction and communication, and involving repetitive interests and behaviors

54
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

eating disorder involving binge-eating episodes followed by regret

55
Q

biological perspective factors

A

biological factors such as natural selection, genes, and the brain that influence the onset of psychological disorders

56
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

personality disorder involving maladaptive dependence on others

57
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

idea that both biological and environmental factors influence the onset of psychological disorders

58
Q

disorganized language

A

speech in which ideas are stated without association with one another

59
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

idea that schizophrenia is caused by an excess of dopamine in the brain

60
Q

Double-binds

A

decisional predicament in which both choices offered by the other partner in a relationship are disadvantageous

61
Q

Dysfunctional

A

unable to perform daily activities

62
Q

explanatory style

A

the way in which one evaluates situations

63
Q

inappropriate or flat affect

A

lack of response to emotional stimuli

64
Q

Insane

A

state of disorder in the mind

65
Q

learning perspective factors

A

learning psychology factors such as classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, and cognition that influence the onset of psychological disorders

66
Q

paraphilia or psychosexual disorder

A

psychological disorder involving abnormal and maladaptive sexual desires

67
Q

psychogenic amnesia

A

memory disorder involving retrograde memory loss for long periods of time

68
Q

risk factors and protective factors

A

factors that likely influence the onset of a psychological disorder

69
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

mood disorder involving a change in mood due to change in season

70
Q

specific phobia

A

psychological disorders involving extreme and unreasonable fears of certain objects

71
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

psychological disorders involving sudden, uncontrollable rigid movements

72
Q

three clusters of personality disorders

A

anxiety, odd behaviors, and dramatic/impulsive behaviors

73
Q

waxy flexibility

A

condition in catatonic schizophrenia involving maintenance of body position when manipulated by another person

74
Q

Aaron Beck

A

father of cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy

75
Q

Albert Ellis

A

developed rational emotive behavioral therapy

76
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

an American psychologist who influenced talk therapy

77
Q

Mary Cover Jones

A

psychologist who influenced behavioral therapy

78
Q

Carl Rogers

A

developed client-centered therapy

79
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

developed the theory of operant conditioning

80
Q

Joseph Wolpe

A

influenced behavioral therapy

81
Q

What are the general characteristics of psychotic disorders?

A

They affect one’s ability to think and perform daily cognitive activities

82
Q

How do delusional disorders differ from other psychotic disorders?

A

They involve only long-term false beliefs rather than hallucinations and other symptoms

83
Q

Why do people commit suicide? Can suicide be prevented?

A

Suicide may be influenced by national, racial, or sexual differences, traumatic situations and experiences, or attention efforts. Suicide can be prevented by therapy

84
Q

How should “abnormal” behaviors or personalities be treated?

A

Therapy can be used to eliminate unwanted behaviors and personalities while suggesting alternate ones

85
Q

How should “abnormal” behaviors or personalities be treated?

A

Therapy can be used to eliminate unwanted behaviors and personalities while suggesting alternate ones

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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