UE Nerves Flashcards by mikko macapagal

What Cord does the Axillary nerve come off of?

Posterior Cord

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What are the nerve roots of the Axillary Nerve?

C5-C6

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What Muscles are supplied by the Axillary Nerve?

Teres Minor
Deltoid

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What sensory nerve does the axillary nerve become? And what area does this supply?

Becomes the Upper Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the arm

Supplies: Skin covering the lower half of the deltoid and upper part of the long head of the triceps.

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Causes of injury to the Axillary Nerve? And effects injury can have?

Dislocation of the shoulder
Fracture of Surgical Neck of The Humerus

Effects:
- “Square shoulder” from deltoid muscle atrophy
- Sensory loss over lower half of deltoid

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What Cord does the Radial nerve come off of?

Posterior Cord

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What are the nerve roots of the Radial Nerve

C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

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What bony landmark does the radial nerve travel down?

Radial Groove of the Humerus

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What space does the radial nerve exit the axilla?

Triangular Interval/Hiatus

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What muscles are innervated by the Radial Nerve?

Triceps
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Supinator

All Wrist Extensors:
(Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Pollicis Longus & Brevis, Extensor Indicis, Abductor Pollicis Longus)

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Radial Nerve Sensory Supply

Lower Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Arm
- Skin of lower half of lateral side of arm

Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Arm
- Skin of back of the arm

Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm
- Skin of back of forearm

Superficial Branch
- Skin of lateral half of dorsum of hand,
lateral two and half digits including thumb (palmar aspect as well)

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Causes of injury to the Radial Nerve? And effects injury can have?

Radial nerve can be injured in axilla,
musculospiral groove, around radial neck

Midshaft Humeral Fractures

Can lead to:
Radial tunnel syndrome
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) Syndrome
Wrist Drop! (due to injury proximal to the elbow)

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What cord does the Ulnar Nerve come off of?

Medial Cord

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What are the Nerve Roots of the Ulnar Nerve?

Main contribution (C8-T1)

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What structure does the ulnar nerve travel through when entering the hand?

Tunnel of Guyon

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What muscle does the ulnar nerve pierce when entering the forearm?

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Humeral and Ulnar Heads)

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What muscles does the Ulnar Nerve Supply?

Dorsal Interossei (DAB)
Palmar Interossei (PAD)

Adductor Pollicis

A: Abductor Digiti Minimi
F: Flexor Digiti Minimi
O: Opponens Digiti Minimi

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Medial Half)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Lumbrical (3 and 4)

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What is the Sensory supply of the Ulnar Nerve?

Supplies the 1/2 of 4th digit and 5th digit

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What cords form the Median nerve?

Medial and Lateral Cords

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What are the nerve roots of the Median Nerve?

C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

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Which muscle does the Median nerve travel between when entering the forearm?

Enters forearm between two heads of the pronator teres

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What structure does the Median Nerve Travel through entering the hand?

Carpal Tunnel

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What is the Median Nerve Motor Supply?

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Radial half)
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Pronator Teres
Opponens Pollicis
Palmaris Longus
Lumbricals 1,2
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis

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Median Nerve Sensory Supply?

Dorsal tips of 1st, 2nd and 3rd digits

Palmar skin of 2nd, 3rd, lateral half of 4th digits

What kind of hand deformity is associated with ulnar nerve injury?

Partial **Claw Hand Deformity** Hyperextension of 4th, 5th MCP Flexion at 4th, 5th IP

What kind of hand deformity is associated with Median Nerve injury?

**Ape Hand Deformity** Wasting of thenar eminence, as a result of median nerve palsy

What Cord does the Musculocutaneous nerve branch off of?

Lateral Cord

What are the nerve roots of the Musculocutaneous Nerve?

C5 C6 C7

What is the Motor supply of the Musculocutaneous Nerve?

Biceps Brachialis Coracobrachialis

What sensory nerve does the Musculocutaneous nerve become and what does this nerve supply

Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve of Forearm - Supplies the skin on the lateral side of forearm

What trunk does the Suprascapular Nerve Arise from?

Upper/**Superior** Trunk

What are the nerve roots of the Suprascapular Nerve?

C5-C6

What is the Motor Supply of the Suprascapular Nerve

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus

What portion of the brachial plexus does the Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve arise from?

Posterior Cord

What are the Nerve Roots of the Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves?

C5 C6

Motor Supply of the Lower Subscapular Nerve?

Subscapularis **Teres Major**

Motor Supply of the Upper Subscapular Nerve

Subscapularis

What cord the lateral pectoral nerve?

Lateral Cord

What are the nerve roots of the Lateral Pectoral Nerve

C5 C6 C7

Lateral Pectoral Nerve Motor Supply

Pectoralis Major - Clavicular Fibers; Shoulder Flexion - Sternocostal Fibers: Shoulder Extension

What cord does the Medial Pectoral Nerve come off of?

Medial Cord

Nerve Roots of the Medial Pectoral Nerve?

C8 T1

Motor supply of the Medial Pectoral Nerve

Pectoralis Minor

What are the nerve roots of the Long Thoracic Nerve?

C5 C6 C7

What is the motor supply of the Long Thoracic Nerve

Serratus Anterior

What can injury to the Long Thoracic Nerve cause?

Winged Scapula aka Scapular Winging

What cord does the Thoracodorsal Nerve come off of?

Posterior Cord

What are the Nerve roots of the Thoracodorsal Nerve?

C6 C7 C8

Motor Supply of the Thoracodorsal Nerve?

Latissimus Dorsi

What is the nerve roots of the Dorsal Scapular Nerve?

What is the Motor Supply of the Dorsal Scapular Nerve?

Rhomboids Major and Minor Levator Scapulae

What trunk does the Nerve to Subclavius come off of?

Superior/Upper Trunk

What motions are impaired with damage to the Axillary Nerve?

Shoulder Abduction and External Rotation

What is a differentiating factor between Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Compression of the Median Nerve with hypertrophy of the Pronator Teres?

Forearm muscles are involved such as the (pronator teres, wrist flexors and extrinsic finger flexors) (Not just intrinsic muscles of the hand)

What ligaments covers the Carpal Tunnel?

Transverse Carpal Ligament

What Nerve is compressed with "Saturday Night Palsy" and how does this occur? Occurs when a person is sleeping with their head on the arm that is slung over the back of a chair or open car window.

**Radial Nerve**

Does injury to the wrist or hand cause motor weakness to muscles supplied by the Radial Nerve?

**NO** - Radial nerve enters the wrist as the superficial radial nerve, which is **SENSORY ONLY**

Is motor function affected in PIN syndrome?

No, Because the _superficial sensory radial nerve_ has no motor innervation.

What is affected in AIN syndrome? What can differentiate this from CTS?

No sensory components, purely motor is affected _absence of sensory deficits_ in AIN syndrome differentiates it from carpal tunnel syndrome