Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) (GOLD) Flashcards
What is GBS?
Temporary inflammation and demyelination of the peripheral nerves (myelin sheaths)
GBS; B = Bilateral
Etiology?
Exact etiology is unknown
Hypothesized to be an autoimmune response to a previous:
- respiratory infection
- influenza
- surgery
- vaccinations
- Epstein-Barr Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms
Motor weakness in a (Distal to Proximal) fashion
“The Three D’s”
- Absence of DTRs (LMN disease)
- Dysarthria
- Dysphagia
When does the level of disability peak?
2-4 weeks after onset
Treatment
Medical Management:
- Hospitalization
- Plasmapheresis; get rid of antibodies
Pharmacological Management:
- immunosuppressive medications
- analgesic/narcotic medications
What is the another term for Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Acute Polyneuropathy
What is the “peak frequency” of GBS? (age range)
Young Adults
and
Adults between their 5th and 8th decades
What is the distribution pattern of motor weakness?
Distal to Proximal
Is the motor weakness Symmetrical or Asymmetrical?
Distal Symmetrical Motor Weakness
(unlike ALS; asymmetrical)
How long does recovery typically take in post GBS?
Gradual recovery in months to years
What laboratory or imaging studies would confirm diagnosis?
CSF sample: containing high protein levels and little to no lymphocytes
Electromyography: resulting in abnormal and slowed nerve conduction
During the acute stage of GBS, 30% of patients require what intervention?
Mechanical Ventilation
Upon admission to a hospital what should PT focus on?
- passive ROM
- positioning
- light exercise
What should a PT avoid during the acute stage of GBS?
overexertion and fatigue, to avoid exacerbation of symptoms
What will patients typically initially present with?
Patient will initially present with a distal symmetrical motor weakness
What sensory impairment may a patient present with?
Sensory impairments
- mild distal sensory impairments
- Transient Paresthesia’s in a Glove and Stocking Distribution
- NOT experience anesthesia
What can be life threatening for patients with GBS?
Respiratory paralysis
- can be life threatening
Which gender is mostly affected?
Males
Which race is GBS more likely in? Caucasians or Africans Americans?
Caucasians
In which fashion does recovery usually follow?
Proximal to Distal
