Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
What is damaged in Spastic CP?
UMN, motor cortex damage; increased tone
- Especially Anti-Gravity Muscles
What is damaged in Athetoid CP?
Damage to the Basal Ganglia; slow writhing movements
Risk factors for CP: Prenatal
- Rh incompatibility
- Maternal Malnutrition
- Infection
- Diabetes
Hypo or Hyperthyroidism associated with Prenatal CP?
Hypothyroidism
Risk Factors for CP: Perinatal
- Multiple Births
- Premature Births
- Low Birth Weight
- Asphyxia
Risk Factors: Postnatal
- CVA
- Head Trauma
- Infection
- Brain Tumor
What is Monoplegia?
One involved extremity
What is Hemiplegia?
Unilateral involvement of the upper and lower extremities
What is Quadriplegia?
Involvement of ALL extremities
General Characteristics of CP?
- Motor Delays
- Abnormal Muscle Tone and Motor Control
- Abnormal Reflexes
- Poor postural control
- Impaired intellect, vision, hearing
Common Comorbidities
- Seizures
- Vision and Hearing Impairments
- Hydrocephalus
PT Management
- Neurodevelopmental Treatment
- Sensory integration techniques
- Tone Normalization
- Milestones
Surgical Management
- Hip Correction
- Dorsal Rhizotomy
- Scoliosis Correction
Is CP progressive?
No, CP is non-progressive
How is this similar to Arthrogryposis?
Occurs in utero, also considered to be non-progressive.
What is typically maintained in Arthrogryposis?
Typically have normal intelligence
What is Diplegia?
Bilateral LE involvement
What type of gait can be seen in Spastic CP?
Crouched Gait; walking with hip flexion, IR and knee flexion
Also
Scissoring gait
Tone Characteristics of Ataxic CP?
Low postural tone; floppy
How can WC position be changed to decrease Extensor Tone?
WC or Seat tilted posteriorly
If a patient with an intrathecal baclofen pump has signs of overdose or withdrawal what is the most appropriate action?
CALL EMS
What is an Intrathecal Baclofen Pump used for?
Control spasticity below the level of the segment
What is Dorsal Rhizotomy?
Severing overstimulated dorsal sensory nerve rootlets to decrease spasticity and improve motor control.
Muscles that need work on being lengthened?
- Achilles Tendons
- Hamstrings
- Iliopsoas
- Hip Adductors
(Triple Threat Stretch)
Pros and Cons: Baclofen (Lirosol)
Pros: Decrease spasticity and Spasms
Cons: Decrease Strength, postural control
Pros: Diazepam (Valium)
Pros: Improved Motor Control
Cons: Dantrolene Sodium (Dantrium)
Side Effects: Drowsiness, Hypotonia, Weakness
- Increased Fall Risk
Patients with CP are at risk for the development of what type of skeletal deformities?
- High risk for hip dysplasia
- Scoliosis
Athetoid CP presentation:
- Poor Stability
- Intention Tremor
- Fluctuating Tone
What is damaged in ataxic CP?
Cerebellum
