ucsp recitation (2nd quar) Flashcards
define how to behave in accordance with what a society has defined as good..
norms
are established, written rules. they are behaviors worked out and agreed upon in order to suit and serve the most people
formal norms
are formal norms but so are employee manuals
laws
are the most specific and clearly stated of the various types of norms (most strictly enforced
formal norms
types of social norms
folkway, more, taboo, law
norm that stems from and organizes casual interactions
folkway
norm that structures the difference between right and wrong
more
strong negative norm, violating it results in extreme disgust
taboo
norm that is formally inscribed at the state or federal level
law
people learn informal norms by…
observation, imitation, and general socialization
studied peoples customs in order to find out how societal rules and norms not only influenced behavior but also shaped social order
sociologist harold garfinkel (1917-2017)
discussed peoples assumptions about the social makeup of their communities
studies in ethnomethodolgy
grafinkels research methods was known as
breaching experiment
in which the researcher behaves in a socially awkward manner
breaching experiment
may be further classified as either mores or folkways
norms
norms that embody the moral views and principles of a group
mores
norms without any moral underpinnings. direct appropriate behavior in the day to day practices and expressions of a culture
folkways
are abstract concepts that certain kinds of behaviors are good, right, ethical, moral and therefore desirable.
values
in the united states, one value is _ another is _
freedom, equality
two main categories of social control
norms and laws
types of norms
folkways and mores
are the beliefs, philosophies, and principles that drive a group
values
are the ground rules that dictate how people interact
norms
is the interaction between the two: the beliefs and the behaviors of the group
culture
informal methods of enforcement of both norms and laws (4)
peer pressure, religious doctrine, ostracism, shunning
is a patterned set of behaviors developed to meet perceived needs
social institution
they put these patterns of behavior into some general categories
anthropologists
is the most crucial aspect of society which should be given considerable attention in order for it to become a powerful tool
education
is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social status
social inequality (lgbtq)
are also discriminated by the people who do not understand their cultures and traditions
ethnic minorities
an act expanding the benefits and privileges of pwds
RA 10754
can be defined as the unequal distribution of material resources and income across countries
global inequality (international inequality)
causes for global inequality
political goals, tax avoidance, lack of education, lack of innovation, gender inequality, low living quality, regional factors, conflicts famine
can be caused by human actions or also by natural circumstances
global inequality
functions of education
socialization, social integration, social placement, social and cultural innovation
stresses that education serves in fulfilling a societys various needs
functional theory
second function
social integration
third function
social placement
fourth function
social and cultural innovation
are important in reproducing the existing belief system and practices of a particular society
educational institutions
one of the most pervasive institutions that determines one’s future status
education
the belief that education is the great equalizer and the key to succeed
meritocracy
is the method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories
differentiation
is a society’s categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer based on their occupation and income
social stratification
is thought to have begun 10 000 years ago after agricultural societies develop
slavery
is the most closed system of stratification
slavery
estate systems (pyramid, high to low)
aristocracy, clergy, serfs
are characterized by control of land and were common in europe and asia during the middle ages
estate systems
in _ people are born into unequal groups based on their parents status and remain in these groups for the rest of their lives
caste system
three dimensions of stratification
wealth, power, and prestige
total value of an individual or family
wealth
ability to influence others to do your bidding
power
refers to the status and esteem people hold in the eyes of others
prestige
they use the term social stratification to describe the system of social standing
sociologists
are perspectives in sociology and social psychology that emphasize a materialist interpretation of history …
conflict theories
is regarded as the father of social conflict theory
karl marx
three social classes
the upper, middle, and lower class
consists of the elite or wealthy families who are the most prolific in their respective areas. they value heritage most over wealth
the upper class
mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, manager.. they value education most
the middle class
are the office and clerical workers. they depend on their pay check
the lower class
is the individual’s position in the social structure
status
the higher or lower positions that come about through social stratification are called
statuses
are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of some fixed category
ascribed statuses
are earned by the individual
achieved statuses
social desirables (2)
ascribed statuses and achieved statuses
refers to the evaluation of status
prestige
refers to the assessment of our role behavior
esteem
is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in or influenced by political structures
political stratification
is the act of moving from one social status to another
social mobility
means that individuals can change their social class in the society
open class system
means that people can do little or nothing to change their social standing
caste and closed class system
is the movement of a person within a social class level
horizontal mobility
is the movemnt of a person between social class levels or another class
vertical mobility
types of social mobility
horizontal mobility and vertical mobility
social mobility system/structure (3)
social mobility, open class system, and caste and closed class system
is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society
social exclusion
is the process in which individuals are blocked from various rights
social exclusion
resulting from social exclusion can be connected to a person’s social class
alienation
is a sociological theory that develops from practical consideration and alludes to peoples particular utilization
symbolic interactionism
he views symbolic interactionism as studying the way the social world is created
r. collins
is a flow of money received often measured on a monthly or annual basis
income
is the sum of the value of all assets
wealth
TANF
temporary assistance for needy families
SNAP
supplemental nutrition assistance program
is a way human interactions and relationships transform cultural and social institutions over time
social change
6 factors of social change
physical environment, demographic factor, cultural factor, ideational factor, economic factor, political factor,
is concerned with the size and structure of human population
demography
is related with health and the size of family also
poverty
three types of energy are required to make these adjustments in expectations
mental, emotional, physical
relates to how much disruption people can absorb before displaying dysfunctional behaviors and mindsets
capacity
relates to the means for change
resources
is an individual phenomenon
adaptation capacity
are the enablers of change that reside outside a person or group
organizational resources
are distinct aspects to meeting the demands of change
capacity and resources
