philosophy exam Flashcards
philosophers who evaluate the meaning of life
socrates, plato, aristotle
a great teacher in athens around 468 BC. believes that onself is a condition to solve the present problem
socrates
for a person to be happy, he has to live a virtious life
happiness
is not something to be taught or acquired through education
virtue
knowing what is in the mind and heart of human being
self knowledge
does not mean only theoretical, but a practical one
knowledge
does not only know the rules of right living, but ones live them
practical knowledge
means wisdom, which in turn means virtue
true knowledge
in the mind of plato means that the mind is in communion w/universal and eternal ideas
contemplation
should contemplate the beauty that is absolute, simple, and everlasting
humanity
the body is the source of endless troubles to us
plato’s theory of immorality
for him everything in nature seeks to realize itself to develop potentialities
aristotle
a greek word for “to become its essence”
entelechy
objectives one really wants to achieve and define the project one wants to do in life
know thyself and what you want to achieve
knowing your strengths and weaknesses
know thyself
it is regarding what you want to achieve in life
what you want to achieve
know thyself (sides)
negative side, affirmative side, the unknown side?, public self
hidden self or public self
negative side, affirmative side
the side others know about you but you are not aware of yourself
public self
philosophers regarding the meaning of life and death (6)
Friedrich Nietzche, Arthur Schopenhauer, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Karl Jaspers, Gabriel Marcel
the first book of nietzche. analyzed the art of athenian tragedy.
the birth of tragedy
it means to motivate us “to look to our position in life for acceptance”
lofty eyes
his essays begins with the predicament of self with its struggles and its destiny
Arthur Schopenhauer
suffering is cause by
desire
in his analysis, human is exhibited in care
Martin Heidegger
threefold structure of care
possibility, facticity, fallenness
humanity gets projected ahead of itself
possibility
a person is not a pure possibility but a factical possibility
facticity
humanity flees from the disclosure of anxiety
fallenness
his philosophy is considered to be a representative of existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre
Sartre’s Dualism
En-soi ( in-itself ), Pour-soi ( for itself )
the question that cannot be fully answered on human level
what am i ?
signifies the permeable and dense, silent and dead
En-soi ( in-itself )
the world only has meaning according to what the person gives to it
Pour-soi ( for itself )
the very core and the door to authentic existence
freedom
is understood in terms of finite temporality, which reaches with death
care
marcel’s phenomenological method
primary reflection and secondary reflection
this method looks at the world or any object as a problem, detached from the self
primary reflection
is concrete, individual, heuristic and open. this reflection is concerned not with the object but with its presence
secondary reflection
for marcel, philosophy has _ and _
tension and harmony
the essence of drama
tension
the essence of music
harmony
philosophy’s starting point is a _
metaphysical disease
_is freedom and God
authentic existence (existenz)
_ relates to us through limit situation (grenzsituation)
transcendence
jasper, resolutely oppose _ as on of germany’s very few christian intellectuals
Nazism
he was the first german to address the question of german’s guilt and humanity implicated by the cruelty of the holocaust
karl jaspers
claims that only by living through the nothingness of death in anticipation does one attain authentic existence
Heidegger
