battle of the brains Flashcards
: use of language for its ability to provide signs that mean one thing
only
Denotative
is the meaning that words have in addition to their direct meaning
(e.g., mother)
Connotative
language that is different from everyday
language. The art of making language unfamiliar, breaking conventions.
Defamiliarization
references to other works
Allusions:
“anything that is written“
Gyasi (1973)
“writing which expresses and communicates thought, feelings and
attitudes towards life”.
Rees (1973):
“literature springs from our in born love of telling a story, of arranging
words in pleasing patterns, of expressing in words some special aspects of our human
experience”
Moody (1987)
“literature from a functional perspective as the imaginative work that
gives us R’s: recreation, recognition, revelation and redemption”.
Boulton (1980)
Literature is:
imaginative
expresses thoughts and feelings
deals with life experiences
Forms are taken to mean the mode in which literature is expressed
Prose Fiction
Prose non-fiction
Poetry
Drama
Types of Prose Fiction
Allegory, * Parable: The Novelette: Short Story Romance:
: Is short story like fable. The characters represent ideas (hope, love,
jealousy).
Allegory:
Short story with religious principle, moral
Parable
: Short novel
The Novelette:
is short fiction in which story/characters are too detached from the real
life (e.g., Walpole’s Castle of Otranto)
Romance:
Examples
Fable :
The Ant & the Grasshopper:
Allegory:
The Wise Woman’s Stone
Ideas about life outside the story
Ideas about real world
The ideas from other works that reflect truth in literature (Literature becomes a form of
philosophy and universal wisdom about the nature of the world)
may represent intellectual dilemmas rather than messages that resolve these
dilemmas. The story/novel may seem to have images, actions, characters, atmosphere
Their ideas may be incompletely developed.
Theme
Events and things that happen in a narrative, actions, statements, thoughts and feelings.
Events of the narrative. arrangement of events, linkage of events, author’s presentation of events
Story all the events that we encounter in the narrative.
plot
Types of plots:
Traditional: diagram
Open ended
Multiple plot lines
Physical and sensuous world
Place where the action takes place
Setting
Contrast between appearance and reality
Irony
work communicates a writer’s life experiences in an imaginative manner
Prose
When prose is ONLY about writer’s life experiences
Autobiographical Literature:
When prose recounts historical facts in an imaginatively way (not
necessarily as accurately as history
Historical Literature :
When it is about the life of another person
Biographical :
characteristics…. Dramatic: The writer creates a real or imaginary
world, and presents actions and reactions to this world in form of:
Dialogues
Conversations,
Symbols (concrete objects used to represent serious ideas)
Images (a series of concrete objects
represent ideas, one following the other like a story
Descriptions
prose
This is the author or writer of a drama text or play.
Playwright:
Communication between characters
Dialogues:
is the kind of drama which does not involve dialogues.
MIME:
is an outcome of a struggle for supremacy between the protagonist and
antagonist of the play. is usually resolved at the end of the play
Conflict
are static
characters who do not change until the of the play.
Flat characters
are dynamic and they grow and develop with the play. Everything about these
characters is revealed in the play and they are usually the protagonists.
Round characters,
This is the main character in a play
Protagonists:
These are the characters whose main aim is to challenge the protagonists.
Antagonists
is the performable parts into which a drama is divided.
scene
is the central plan or an outline of events in a play
plot
suggests an introductory scene of the play. It can also be an address/
speech made before the beginning of a play performance.
prologue
is the direct opposite of a prologue. This is a short scene is at the end. It serves the
purpose of a final address or a final speech at the close of dramatic performance.
epilogue
