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chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

the word chemistry derives from the word? which is found in various forms in?

A

alchemy, european languages

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2
Q

the arabic term is derived from the ancient greek? meaning?

A

khemia, art of alloying metals

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3
Q

alchemy derives from the arabic word?

A

kimiya or al-kimiya

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4
Q

study of the origin of a word and the way their meaning changes through history

A

etymology

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5
Q

the etymology of the word chemistry is?

A

debatable issue

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6
Q

the first chemists

A

egyptians

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7
Q

french chemist

A

antoine fourcroy 1782

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8
Q

early history of chemistry into four epochs:

A

egypt, the arabs, alchemy, and the pharmaceutical chemistry begun by paracelsus

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9
Q

the basic roots of the word chemistry essentially derive from the ancient study on how to?

A

transmute “earthen” metals into “gold”

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10
Q

based on the ancient egyptian word?

A

keme(chem) which stands for earth

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11
Q

the word was used in reference to the fertility of the flood plains around the nile

A

khem

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12
Q

greek word of chemistry

A

chemeia meaning cast together

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13
Q

others reason that the word alchemy is derived from the greek for?

A

the egyptian art

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14
Q

_ was once considered to have sprung from great egyptian figure named by the greeks?

A

the science of alchemy. hermes trismegistus

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15
Q

who is thought to have been the founder of the art

A

hermes trismegistus

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16
Q

egypt was founded as a state in?

A

c. 3000BC

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17
Q

male sun

A

osiris

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18
Q

wife sister, female moon

A

isis

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19
Q

became eight gods and finally twelve gods who where later taken over bye the greeks

A

mercury and vulcan

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20
Q

four chemical gods of the egyptians

A

osiris, isis, mercury, and vulcan

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21
Q

this origin theory in chemistry was generally known as the “ “ and was utilized in the writing of michael maier.

A

pyramid of composition

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22
Q

who in turn influenced isaac newton in his alchemical writings in the 1680s

A

michael maier

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23
Q

the ancient egypt word keme stands for?

A

earth

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24
Q

root word of chemistry

A

keme

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25
Q

after keme ( this later became?)

A

khemia or transmutation by 300 AD

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26
Q

after khemia

A

al-khemia (arabic world)

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27
Q

after al-khemia

A

‘alchemy’ in the dark ages

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28
Q

after alchemy

A

chymistry in 1661

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29
Q

from the root word of chemistry to now

A

keme, khemia, al-khemia, alchemy, chymistry, and now chemistry

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30
Q

birthplace of alchemy

A

ancient egypt

31
Q

noted chemistry historian, from his four volume magnum opus history of chemistry

A

james R. Partington (1969)

32
Q

according to _ alchemy came from egypt and mesopotamia

A

Partington

33
Q

alchemy is explained as meaning the _

A

Egyptian Art

34
Q

according to the _, the arabic word al-kimiya actually means _

A

Egyptologist Wallis Budge, the Egyptian(science)

35
Q

the ancient egyptian word referred to both the? could explain the nickname?

A

country and the colour black . egyptian black arts

36
Q

according to , this theory may be an example of

A

mahn, folk etymology

37
Q

the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules, crystals, and metals.

A

chemistry

38
Q

according to _ chemistry derives from an egyptian word_

A

budge. khemein or khemia “preparation of black powder” derived from the name ‘khem, egypt’

38
Q

according to _ chemistry derives from an egyptian word_

A

budge, khemein or khemia “preparation of black powder” derived from the name ‘khem, egypt’

39
Q

arabic al-kimia is thought to derive from the greek word _meaning _

A

khemeia meaning alchemy.

40
Q

the word alchemy comes from the _

A

arabic al-kimiya

41
Q

famous mineralogist and humanist _ who first dropped the arabic definite article and began, in his latin works from 1530 on, to write _

A

Georg Agricola. chymia and chymista

42
Q

conrad gessner’s adoption of it in his extremely popular pseudonymous work

A

de remediis secretis; liber physicus, medicus, et partim etiam chymicus (zurich 1552)

43
Q

this work was frequently re published in the second half of the sixteenth century and the earliest known occurrences of forms of the french_ german_ italian_ and english_ found in early translations.

A

french “chimie”, german “chemie”, italian “chimica”, english “chemistry”

44
Q

is a subdiscipline of science that deals with the study of matter and the substances that constitute it.

A

chemistry

45
Q

chemistry primarily focuses on?

A

atoms, ions, and molecules in which in turn make up elements and compounds.

46
Q

it is important to note that the interactions between _ and _ are also studied in chemistry

A

matter and energy

47
Q

can be defined as the systematic study of the natural universe, its structure and everything it encompasses

A

science

48
Q

three primary subcategories of science that deal with certain aspects of the universe:

A

the formal sciences, the natural sciences, the social sciences

49
Q

study of language disciplines that concern formal systems. example:?

A

the formal sciences: example: logic and mathematics.

50
Q

study of natural phenomena through experiments end observations. example:?

A

the natural sciences. example: chemistry, physics , and biology

51
Q

study of human societies and the relationship between the humans that dwell in these societies. example:?

A

the social sciences. example: psychology, sociology, and economics.

52
Q

chemistry is found to lie close to the centre 9

A

physics, math, astronomy, geochemistry, geology. medicine, biology, biochemistry, chemical physics

53
Q

five primary branches of chemistry:

A

physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry, chemistry reactions

54
Q

scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a procedure called?

A

the scientific method

55
Q

this procedure consists of making observations, formulating hypothesis, and designing experiments, which in turn leads to additional observations, hypothesis, and experiments in repeated cycles

A

the scientific method

56
Q

as depicted in this flowchart the scientific method consists of making?

A

observations, formulating hypotheses, and designing experiments

57
Q

can be qualitative or quantitative

A

observations

58
Q

describe properties or occurrences in ways that do not rely on numbers

A

qualitative observations

59
Q

are measurements, which by definition consist of both a number and a unit

A

quantitative observations

60
Q

may not be correct, but it puts the scientists understanding of the system being studied into a form that can be tested

A

hypothesis

61
Q

wild guest

A

hypothesis

62
Q

systematic organized procedure

A

the scientific method

63
Q

are systematic observations or measurements, preferably made under controlled conditions that is under conditions in which a single variable changes

A

experiments

64
Q

simply says what happens it does not address the question of why

A

law

65
Q

a verbal or mathematical description of a phenomenon that allows for general predictions

A

law

66
Q

one example of a law

A

the law of definite proportions

67
Q

law of definite proportions was discovered by?

A

french scientist Joseph Proust

68
Q

states that a chemical substance always contains the same proportion of elements by mass

A

Joseph Proust

69
Q

states only what happens

A

law

70
Q

attempts to explain why nature behaves as it does

A

theory

71
Q

unlikely to change greatly over time unless a major experimental error is discovered

A

laws

72
Q

is incomplete and imperfect, evolving with time to explain new facts as they discovered

A

theory

quizzes (35 decks)

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