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chemistry colligative properties of solution Flashcards

1
Q

is a property of solution that is dependent on the ratio between the total number of solute particles to the total number of solvent particles

A

colligative property

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2
Q

are not dependent on the chemical nature of the solutions components

A

colligative properties

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3
Q

_ can be linked to several quantities that express the concentration of a solution such as ,,_.

A

colligative properties. molarity, normality, molality

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4
Q

four colligative properties that can be exhibited by a solution

A

boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, relative lowering of vapour pressure, osmotic pressure

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5
Q

the word _ has been adapted or taken from the latin word _ which translates to _

A

colligative. colligatus. bound together

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6
Q

help us understand how the properties of the solution are linked to the concentration of solute in the solution

A

colligative properties

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7
Q

containing non volatile solute exhibit some properties which depend only on the number of solute particles present and not on the type of solute present

A

dilute solution

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8
Q

are changed by the solute where its particles remove some of the solvent molecules in the liquid phase

A

solvent properties

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9
Q

is dependent on the ratio of solute to solvent molecules in a solution

A

vapor pressure of electrolyte solutions

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10
Q

a simple example of an electrolyte solution is

A

sodium chloride in water

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11
Q

are those in which the solute does not dissociate into ions when dissolved

A

nonelectrolyte solutions

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12
Q

is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its condensed phase

A

vapor pressure

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13
Q

it is a measure of how much the solvent molecules tend to escape from a liquid or solid phase into the atmosphere

A

vapor pressure

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14
Q

the number of dissolved particles is larger because the solute breaks apart into ions

A

electrolyte solution

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15
Q

the entire surface is occupied by the molecules of the solvent

A

pure solvent

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16
Q

is the vapour pressure of pure solvent

A

P₀

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17
Q

is the vapour pressure of the solution

A

Ps

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18
Q

the difference Po - Ps is termed as

A

lowering in vapour pressure

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19
Q

the ratio Po - Ps / Po is known as the

A

relative lowering of vapour pressure

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20
Q

established a relation between relative lowering in vapour pressure and mole fraction

A

Raoult in 1886

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21
Q

it states that the relative lowering in vapour pressure of a dilute solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solute present in the solution

A

Raoult’s Law

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22
Q

the difference in the boiling point of the solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent is termed as the

A

elevation in boiling point

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23
Q

is the temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

A

boiling point of a liquid`

24
Q

kb=

A

molal elevation constant

25
Q

m₂=

A

mass of solvent in g

26
Q

M₁=

A

mass of solvent in kg

27
Q

M₂=

A

molar mass of solute

28
Q

is defined as the temperature at which the vapour pressure of its liquid is equal to the vapour of the corresponding solid

A

freezing point of a substance

29
Q

according to _, when a non volile solid is added to the solvent its vapour pressure decreases

A

Raoult’s Law

30
Q

the difference between the freezing point of the pure solvent and its solution is called

A

depression in freezing point

31
Q

is the boiling point of the pure solvent

A

T⁰f

32
Q

is the boiling point of the solution

A

Tf

33
Q

kf=

A

molal depression constant

34
Q

is placed between a solution and solvent

A

semipermeable membrane

35
Q

allows only solvent molecules to pass through it but prevents the passage of bigger molecules

A

semipermeable membrane

36
Q

This phenomenon of the spontaneous flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent to a solution or from a dilute to a concentrated solution is called

A

osmosis

37
Q

This pressure that just stops the flow of solvent is called

A

osmotic pressure of the solution.

38
Q

is a colligative property as it depends on the number of solute present and not on the nature of the solute.

A

Osmotic pressure

39
Q

is the gas constant.

A

R

40
Q

is the volume of solution in litres

A

V

41
Q

osmotic pressure _ is directly proportional to molarity _ and temperature _.

A

TT, C, T

42
Q

Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are known as an .

A

isotonic solution

43
Q

has a lower osmotic pressure than that of the surrounding ie, the concentration of solute particles is less than that of the surrounding.

A

hypotonic solution

44
Q

has a higher osmotic pressure than that of the surrounding i.e, the concentration of solute particles is more than that of the surrounding.

A

hypertonic solution

45
Q

method has the advantage over other methods as pressure measurement is around room temperature. It is particularly useful for determination of the molar mass of biomolecules as they are unstable at higher temperatures.

A

Osmotic pressure

46
Q

It is particularly useful for determination of the molar mass of biomolecules as they are unstable at higher temperatures.

A

Osmotic pressure

47
Q

The extent of dissociation or association of the solute in a solution can be expressed by a factor called

A

Van’t Hoff.

48
Q

is a homogeneous mixture created by dissolving one or more solutes in a solvent.

A

solution

49
Q

Solutions with accurately known concentrations can be referred to as

A

standard (stock) solutions.

50
Q

are frequently diluted to solutions of lesser concentration for experimental use in the laboratory.

A

Stock solutions

51
Q

volumetric flask (commonly called a “).

A

vol flask”

52
Q

More solvent is added until the meniscus of the liquid reaches the calibration mark on the neck of the vol flask (a process called “”).

A

diluting to volume

53
Q

is the addition of more solvent to produce a solution of reduced concentration.

A

Dilution

54
Q

never add _ to concentrated acid

A

water

55
Q

different solutions

A

isotonic solution, hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution

quizzes (35 decks)

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