TYPES OF PRECIPITATION REACTIONS Flashcards
What are the types of photometric techniques?
TURBIDIMETRY
NEPHELOMETRY
Aggregates are formed upon the mixture of antigens and antibodies, forming turbid or cloudy solutions
TURBIDIMETRY
Turbidimetry Measures the decrease of light intensity resulting from?
absorption, reflection or scatter.
measure the degree or rate of the turbidity within the solution
turbidimeter
Measures the light that is scattered from the incident light at varying angles (10°-90°)
NEPHELOMETRY
the rate of increased scattered light is measured immediately after the addition of the reagent antibody
Rate Nephelometry
What are the types of Passive immunodiffusion?
RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION (RID)
OUCHTERLONY DOUBLE DIFFUSION
Letting the Ag, Ab or both will diffuse within the medium where you will be going to test them
PASSIVE IMMUNODIFFUSION
Rate of diffusion is affected by?
Size of particles
Temperature
Gel viscosity
Amount of hydration
Ag-Ab complexes are allowed to precipitate and diffuse along the agar without any external influence (e.g. electricity)
Passive
Antigens are placed in wells carved out of an agarose gel medium
RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION (RID)
What is the medium that is used in RID?
Agarose gel medium
Holes in the medium where antigen will be administered
Wells
What indicates if there is a Ag-Ab complex precipitates are seen on the medium of RID?
“ring” or a circular area
What are the types of RID?
RID - MANCINI/ENDPOINT
RID - FAHEY/KINETIC
Antigen is allowed to diffuse at completion; no further diffusion or diameter increase is seen
RID - MANCINI/ENDPOINT
RID - MANCINI/ENDPOINT Square of the diameter of the circle is equal to the _____________?
concentration of the antigen
The thicker the circle = _______________
the higher the concentration of the antigen
Measures the diameter of the precipitate at a specified time intervals
RID - FAHEY/KINETIC
Considered to be more accurate than mancini method
RID - FAHEY/KINETIC
RID-FAHEY KINETIC Diameter of circle is equal to the ___________________?
log of the concentration
Both antigen and antibody will diffuse within the medium wherein it Detects for unknown antigens in samples through diffusion
OUCHTERLONY DOUBLE DIFFUSION
What is created upon the diffuse and interaction of both antigens and antibodies?
Lines of identity or precipitin lines
What is used to contain multivalent antibodies in ouchterlony double diffusion?
central well
It means that the antigen present in the sample is the same as the standard. Precipitin line (Arched)
Serological Identity
o Antigens that represent in the unknown does
not resemble the antigen present in the
standard
o Precipitin line (X cross)
Serological Nonidentity
o Outlying line → SPUR
o The well that contain the unknown antigen is
somewhat the same to the standard antigen
Partial Identity
Separation components through different electric charges
ELECTROPHORESIS
Determine if proteins are positively or negatively charge
Amphotericity
Application of electrical currents to diffusion precipitation reactions to increase sensitivity
IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
What are the 2 phases of immuno electrophoresis?
separation
immunodiffusion
Over production or underproduction of antibodies
Plasma cell Dyscrasia
Who discovered the immunofixation electrophoresis?
Alper & Johnson
antiserum is placed directly ON the surface on the medium, rather than in troughs
IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS (IFE)
What is the maon purpose of the IFE?
Supplement the finding in IEP
