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Immunoserology > OVERVIEW OF THE CLINICAL PATHWAY > Flashcards

OVERVIEW OF THE CLINICAL PATHWAY Flashcards

1
Q

coined the term “complement”

A

Paul Ehrlich

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2
Q

Described how the nature of the complement
system and how it works

A

Jules Bordet

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3
Q

Main role of complement

A

Lysis of cells, bacteria and viruses

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4
Q

Enhance phagocytosis

A

Opsonization

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5
Q

The contents of the granules of certain
cells are being released

A

Cellular degranulation

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6
Q

What do you call the cleaved complement protein?

A

Anaphylatoxins

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7
Q

removal of immune complexes
and deposition in the spleen and liver

A

Immune clearance

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8
Q

Proteins and glycoproteins synthesized mainly by?

A

Liver hepatocytes

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9
Q

Proteins and glycoproteins mostly circulate in the serum functionally inactive forms
as?

A

Proenzymes or zymogens

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10
Q

Proteins and glycoproteins are heat labile, therefore it is destroyed when heated at what temperature?

A

56°C for 30 minutes

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11
Q

•
They bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils
•
Induce degranulation and release of influx mediators including
histamine
•
small peptide that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of
smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells
•
In order to initiate anaphylactic or allergic reaction

A

Anaphylatoxins

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12
Q

• Can lead to edema if complement is not controlled
•
Enhance some cases of immune processes

A

Increased capillary permeability

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13
Q

• Attract cells and play important role in recruitment of cells to an influx site
•
Attract phagocytic cells toward the site where this is

A

Chemotaxis

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14
Q

Enhances neutralization of viruses by homologous antibodies

A

Virus neutralization

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15
Q

C3b on particles such as bacteria or an Ab-Ab complex promotes the
attachment and ultimate ingestion of the particles

A

Opsonization

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16
Q

C1q, C1r, C1s are called?

A

C1 complex

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17
Q

Recognizing molecule for the initiation of classical complement cascade

A

C1q

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18
Q

proteins that recognize and bind to certain carbohydrates?

A

Lectin

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19
Q

What is the main complement involved in anaphylatoxins?

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

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20
Q

What is the main complement component involved in increased capillary permeability?

A

Role of C2b fragment

21
Q

What is the main complement component involved in chemotaxis?

A

C5a

22
Q

What is the main complement component involved in neutralization?

A

C4

23
Q

What is the main complement component involved in opsonization?

A

C3b

24
Q

1
st to be studied
Antibody dependent

A

Classical pathway

25
Q

Classical pathway is initiated by?

A

Ag-Ab complex
C-reactive Protein
Some Viruses
Mycoplasma
Some protozoans
Select Gram-negative bacteria

26
Q

Most potent activator
among the IgG subclasses

A

IgG3

27
Q

Alternate pathway is initiated by?

A
  1. Aggregates of IgA
  2. Yeast cell or zymogen
  3. CVF
  4. Lipopolysaccharide
28
Q

What initiates the MBL?

A

Mannose and other similar sugars in
the cell wall (Ab independent)

29
Q

What recognizes MBL?

A

-
Lectins
-
Ficolins
-
CL-K1

30
Q

Recognition event which will initiate complement cascade

A

Initiation phase

31
Q

•
This is where the 3 pathway meets in order to create a C3 convertase which
activates C3 complement protein (most important step)
•
Approximately 200 C3 molecules can be activated in a single C3 convertase
•
Activation of early components culminate in activation of C3 which is the critical
component

A

Amplification activation phase

32
Q

•
Culminates in target cell lysis
•
Classical and alternate pathway is the same at this phase
•
The formation of this will form in the surface of
the pathogen that induces cell lysis

A

Membrane attack phase

33
Q

What pathway begins with the formation of soluble antigen-antibody
complexes or with binding of antibody to antigen on a
suitable target such as a bacterial cell

A

Classical pathway

34
Q

o
present in the plasma in the largest quantities
o
fixation of this is the major quantitative
reaction of the complement cascade

A

C3

35
Q

• It is not dependent on immune
complexes
• Does not require antibody for it to initiate

A

Innate immunity

36
Q

The starting point of the alternative pathway would be
the?

A

Hydrolysis of C3 protein

37
Q

This pathway serves to amplify the activation of the cascade and is initiated by cell-surface constituents.

A

Alternate pathway

38
Q

Will act upon the C5 complement protein

A

C5 CONVERTASE COMPLEX

39
Q

stabilize the structure of C5 convertase

A

Properdin

40
Q

Composition of STABLE C5 convertase?

A

C3bBbPC3b

41
Q

recognizing the molecule mannose starts
this pathway

A

Collectins

42
Q

proteins that recognize and bind to specific
carbohydrate targets

A

Lectins

43
Q

Lectin pathway will not serve its purpose if calcium
concentration is?

A

low in the blood

44
Q

initiates the final steps to form MAC

A

C5b

45
Q

initiates the final steps to form MAC

A

C5b

46
Q

Forms a large channel through the membrane of the
target cell enabling ions and small molecules to diffuse
freely across the membrane

A

MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX

47
Q

(initiates the final steps to form MAC)

A

C5b

48
Q

all pathways will meet at the?

A

C3b

Immunoserology (21 decks)

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