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HUBS192 > Tweety > Flashcards

Tweety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the GI system

A

Bring nutrients/water into internal environment to be used by the body

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2
Q

Function of the the GI system

A

• Motility: transport food into & through the body,
mixing luminal contents, and transport waste out

• Secretion: synthesise and release enzymes,
mucus & serous fluid into the lumen (lumen still part of external environment - internal means blood system and shit)

• Digestion: break nutrients into smaller pieces (mechanically and chemically)

• Absorption: bring nutrients/water from the lumen to
internal environment

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3
Q

How does structure allow function

A

yes

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4
Q

What is GI system - simple

A
  • long tube with outgrowths
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5
Q

What do sphincters do?

A

close off ends, and separate sections (environments) of tube

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6
Q

Within different organs, to allow function to occur there are different____

A

Environments

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7
Q

What is GI system lined by

A

Epithelium

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8
Q

Sphincters what are they

A

Smooth muscle that can dilate or constrict

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9
Q

Unicellular gland

A

Goblet

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10
Q

Features of goblet cells

A
  • columnar
  • goblet shape
  • apical mucous granules
  • basal nucleaus
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11
Q

Function of intestine goblet cells

A
  • lubrication
  • protective barrier
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12
Q

Multicellular glands

A

Simple and compound

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13
Q

Epithelium can invaginate to form

A

Glands

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14
Q

Simple glands:

A

Gland with single function (e.g stomach and small intestine)

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15
Q

Compound glands

A

gland with 2 or more ducts (e.g. salivary glands)
Increased SA for increased secretion

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16
Q

Epithelium in mouth

A
  • need protective epithelium
  • statified squamous
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17
Q
A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the GI system and why

A
  • mouth/oral cavity
  • esophagus
  • protection from abrasion
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20
Q

Location and function of simple columnar epithelia in GI

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • section and absorbtion
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21
Q

Where and why is stratified squamous found and why

A
  • anus
  • protection from abrasion
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22
Q

4 layers of the gut

A
  1. Mucus
  2. Submucosa
  3. Musciularis (externa/proper)
  4. Adventitia
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23
Q

What does the mucosa (GI) consist of?

A
  • epithelium
  • basement membrane
  • lamina propina (FCT)
  • muscularis mucosa
  • sometimes multicellular glands
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24
Q

What does the submucosa consist of

A
  • FCT
  • glands
  • blood vessels
  • (submucisal nerve plexus)
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25
Q
A
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26
Q

What is secretion regulated by?

A

Secretion is regulated by the submucosal nerve plexus, part of the enteric nervous system (ENS)

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27
Q

What kind of muscle does the muscularis (externa/proper) consist of?

A
  • the muscularis (externa/proper) consists of smooth muscle
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28
Q

How many and names of rhe layers of the muscularis ?

A
  • liner circular
  • outer longitudinal
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29
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus

A
  • located between muscle layers
30
Q

What is the myenteric plexus part of

A

ENS

31
Q

Two gut layers with components in the enteric nervous system.. what are the components?

A
  • myenteric plexus
  • submucosal nerve plexus
32
Q

What does the myenteric plexus do?

A

Regulates motility

33
Q

Histology of smooth muscle of the muscularis

A
34
Q

Features of the Adventitia

A
  • outermost layer
  • consists of FCT
  • supports organ and anchors to surrounding structures
35
Q

When organs are in the peritoneal cavity there is an additional,…

A

Outer covering

36
Q

what is the additional outercovering of the Adventitia called

A

Serosa

37
Q

What is the serosa

A

Additional outer covering when organs are in the peritoneal cavity

38
Q
A
39
Q

What is the function of having two layers of smooth muscle with different orientations

A
  • motility patterns - different orientations of muscle will cause different movements of the gut tube
40
Q

Why are there glands in both the mucosa and submucosa in some regions?

A
  • more surface area
  • if more secretion are needed you need more cells - for extra protection
41
Q

Epithelium in the mouth and oral cavity and why

A
  • stratified squamous
  • protection
42
Q

Where does digestion begin

A

Mouth and oral cavity

43
Q

How does such digestion start in the mouth - what kind of statergy and what else is needed fir this

A
  • mechanical digestion
  • chemical digestion - requires enzymes
  • lubrication is needed
44
Q

How does lubrication occur on mouth and oral cavity

A
  • through salivary glands
  • secrete mucos and serous fluid
45
Q

Where is food travelling… what kind of epithelium is found here?

A

Though faucets into oropharynx and laryngopharynx then into esophagus

46
Q
A
47
Q

What are the salivary glans connected to the oral cavity by?

A

Ducts

48
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are connected to the oral cavity via ducts

A

3

49
Q

The 3 pairs of salivary glands connected to the oral cavity via ducts

A

Parotid: (Watery) serous fluid with amylase (breakdown carbs)
Sublingual: mucus only ( lubrication)
Submadibular: mixed

50
Q
A
51
Q

Salivary glands are ____ glands

A

Compound

52
Q

Acinus

A
  • cells in clusters
53
Q

What do acinar cells do?

A

Secrete:
- serous fluid and enzymes ( amylase)
- mucus

54
Q

Duct cells in salivary glands secrete:

A
  • bicarbonate (buffering)
55
Q

Histological diagram of a submandilbular gland

A
56
Q

What is the esophagus and how long

A

Long basic tube modified to pass food
About 25cm

57
Q

Where is the esophagus located and where does it extend and end

A
  • located posterior to the trachea
  • extends from pharynx to stomachs
58
Q

What does the epiglottis ensure?

A

That food enters the esophagus and not the trachea

59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q

What moves the food bolus

A

Muscularis externa

62
Q

Muscle make up of the muscularis externa of the esophagus down its length

A
  • first 1/3: skeletal muscle
  • middle 1/3: a mixture
  • last 1/3: smooth muscle
63
Q

Basic modifications of the esophagus to m=pass food

A

Muscularis externa: Move food bolus
• First 1/3: skeletal muscle
• Middle 1/3: a mixture
• Last 1/3: smooth muscle

Highly folded submucosa and mucosa
• Capacity to expand for passage of bolus

64
Q
A
65
Q

What kind of epithelium is the esophangous

A

Squamous epithelium

66
Q

Lubrication in the esophangous

A
  • need mucus for lubrication and protection
  • no goblet cells, instead have glads with ducts to surface
    • in the mucosa
    • plus in mucosa close to stomach
67
Q
A
68
Q

Different structure =

A

Different function

69
Q
A
70
Q

What is the role of epithelium in the GI tract

A

To protect against abrasion (oral cavity/esophagus & anus), to secrete and absorb (stomach and intestines) and to form glands throughout.

71
Q

What are the key features/function of the
oral cavity, salivary glands and esophagus?

A

Oral cavity: receive food, begin digestion Salivary glands: secretions for digestion and lubrication Esophagus: deliver food to stomach

HUBS192 (39 decks)

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