Lecture 4 - Cardiovascular Flashcards
Cardiovascular system is made up of…
Why are epithelia important in cardiovascular system
Prevent clotting
Two main types of muscle in cardiovascular system
Smooth and cardiac
What is the blood vascular supply
- a closed supply and drainage system (continuous loop)
What is the lymphatic vascular system
An open-entry drainage system (stops tissues from swelling up from excess fluid) - a one way system
Two vascular systems that make up the cardiovascular system
- blood vascular system
- lymphatic (vascular) system
Blood vascular system
- oxygenated blood from left of heart to exchange at rest of body = systematic circulation
- deoxygenated blood from right side of heart to lungs exchange = pulmonary circulation
- TWO CIRCUTS IN SERIES
Blood AND lymph vascular systems
- sometimes fluid leaves blood vascular space during exchange and accumulates between capillaries
- collected by lymphatics that drain back by a superheterodyne pathway then reunite with drains near right side of heart
General principles of organisation of the cardiovascular system
- exchange network
- drainage
- supply
Supply side of the cardiovascular system is comprised of - 4 features of them
- arteries - the only supply path
- major arterties are situated to avoid damage - e.g: deep in trunk; on flexor aspect of limbs (supply is being driven by puplsitile pump, heart, squeezes on blood and chambers of Herat - blood in arteries is pressurised and travelling at high velocity
- important structures often receive supply from two sources (two separate arteries) e.g hand =2, head =4
- arteries change their name when they branch
When to satieties change their name
When they branch
Exchange network of cardiovascular system is comprised of
- capillaries of varying degreee of permeability
- continuous (controlled ~ tight)
- fenestrated (leaky)
- sinusoidal (very leaky)
- leakyness depends on how the exchange vessel wants to manage its supply??
- more leaky = will change epithelial lining of the capillary
Drainage of the cardiovascular system
3 pathways for drainage
- deep veins (next to deep artery)
- superficial veins (blood under low pressure - unlike larger artery - means we can accomodate in vulnerable sites)
- lymphatics - catch fluid
Cross sectional area of veins is at least twice that of arteries (to shift same volume of blood/second)
CSA of veins vs arteries
- cross-sectional area of veins is at least twice that of arteries ( to shift the same volume of blood over second)
- after going through capillary pressure and velocity is lost
Shape of the heart
Blunt, cone shapes
Pointed end of heart (but the diaphragm is called)
Apex
Broad end - superior is called
Base
How chest sits in thorax
- flanked laterly by the two plural cavities
- heart sits in a part of the mediastinum
- base sits between 2 and 3rd rib
- find the apex - along the midclavicular line then between 5 and 6 rib
Location of base
- between 2nd and 3rd rib
Location of the apex
- along the midclavicular line
- between 5th and 6th rib
This is called the PMI ( POINT OF MAXIMAL INTENSITY)
How to find the point of maximal impulse
- along midclavicular line
- between 5th and 6th rib
Postposition of heart and why
2/3 of heart sit to the left of the midline
- so that it doesn’t push down on diaphragm when beating
4 ventricles of the heart
- right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit which then drains into ventricle that then pushes out blood to lungs for reoxygenation
- left atrium receives blood from lungs then left ventricle pushes oxygenated blood around body
Right drives pulmonary circuit
Left drives systemic circuit
