34 Flashcards
Are there differnces between male and and female reproductive systems
Yes
What are gonads ?
Organs where gametes (sex cells) are produced
Gonads in females - what are they called and what do they produce ?
Ovary - oocytes
Gonads in males - what do they produce ?
- testes - spermatozoa
Genitalia allow for…?
Coitus
What does genitalia allowing for coitus allow for?
- allow gametes to fuse to form an embryo (fertilisation)
What is the pelvis ?
- bony basin between trunk and the lower limbs
What is the pelvis comprised of
- hip bones + sacrum + coccyx
Pelvis inlet is open/closed
Open
Pelvic outlet is open/closed
Pelvic outlet is closed by muscles
Which is bigger? Inlet or outlet?
Inlet is always bigger then outlet
The two pelvic subdivisions
- false/ greater pelvis
- true/lesser pelvis
Features of the false/greater pelvis
- superior region
- above pelvic inlet
- contains parts of the GI tract
True / lesser pelvis
- inferior region
- between inlet and outlet
- contains internal reproductive organs
Female vs male
Female:
- broader sub public angle
- oval inlet
- straighter coccyx
Male:
- narrower subpubic angle
- heart shaped inlet
- curved coccyx
What does the pelvic floor ( pelvic diaphragm) do?
- closes over pelvic outlet
Two muscles of the pelvic floor
- levator ani
- coccyeus
Opening s in the pelvic floor
- urethra
- anal canal
- Vagina
Where is the male perineum ?
Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thoughts
Male perineum includes…..
- external genitalia
- anus
Divisions of the male perineum
Two triangular divisions
Anterior: urogenital triangle
- urethral openeing; external genitalia
Posterior: anal triangle
- anal canal and fat
Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by…
The true pelvis
What triangle of what region is the external genitalia found in?
The external genitalia is found in the eurogenital triangle of the perineal region
Openings in the male pelvic floor include…
Urethra
Anus
Openings in the female pelvic floor include..
Urethra
Anus
Vagina
Functions of the male reproductive system
- to produce spermatozoa (sperm / male gamete)
- transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract
Male reproductive system is made up of
- testes (male gonad)
- reproductive tract/duct
- accessory structures and glands
Male reproductive tract ?
- path that sperm travel along
What does the male reproductive react consist of?
- testes
- epididymis
- ductus (vas) deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
What does the scrotum contain?
- two testes
- two epiididymides
- two spermatic cards (with part of ductus deferns)
What do the testes produce
- produce sperm, testosterone and inhibit
Where do testes lie
- lie in scrotum - outside
What are the testes surrounded by?
Surrounded by dense fibrous capsule: the tunica albuginea
Testes have lobules containing…
Seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules join to form
Rete testis
Rete testis join to form…
Efferent ductules leading to epididymis
Seminiferous tubules - cells associated with them and what they do
- Interstitial endocrine (leydig) cels produce testosterone
- nurse (sertoli) cells produce inhibin
- supermatogenic cells - spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development
What does the epididymis consist of?
- head, body, tail
Where does the sperm enter the epididymis and exit from?
- sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via ductus deferens
What is the site of sperm maturation?
Epididymis
what continues on to epidermis
ductus deferens
Where does the ductus deferens start?
Starts in the spermatic cord
What is the ductus deferens covered by?
Smooth muscle
Where does the ductus deferens run in relation to the urinary bladder?
Posterior
Ductus deferens dilates to form the
Ampulla
What are the ejaculatory ducts formed by?
- formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicles and the ampulla
Where does the ejaculatory ducts open into?
Opens in the prostatic urethra
Two functions of the male urethra
Urination and ejaculation
Three changes in epithelium down the urethra
- transitional
- columnar
- stratified
Three sections of the male urethra
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- penile/spongy urethra
Urethral sphincters - external and internal
- external: skeletal muscle, voluntary control of urination
- internal: detrusor muscle: closes bladder ensuring sperm ejaculated through the urethra
(Retrograde ejactulation: sphincter doesn’t close; therefore, sperm ends up in bladder)
Retrograde ejaculation:
- sphincter doesn’t close; therefore, spermicide ends up in bladder
Spermatogenesis occurs in..
The seminiferous tubules within the testes
The path of sperm
- form the seminiferous tubules, the spermatozoa travel into the epidymis, the duct deferns, the ejaculatory ducts and finally the urethra
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