36 Flashcards
• How many sperm are produced from one primary
spermatocyte?
1 primary spermatocye —-> 4 spermatozoa
Which accessory glands contribute the most to seminal
fluid in terms of volume?
Seminal vesicles (60%)
What is the specific name of the process by which
spermatids become spermatozoa?
Spermiogenises
Male feed back loop - exam
Hypothalamus releases GnRH which gets transported down to the anterior pituitary where it stimulates the release of LH and FSH
LH acts on the interstitial endocrine cells, stimulating the production of testosterone
FSH and testosterone control (stimulate) spermatogenesis
SFH stimulates inhibin production from nurse cells
Negative feed back:
- inhibin suppress FSH
- testosterone suppress LH and GnRH
Function of Female reproductive system
• To produce oocytes (female gamete)
• Transport ova and spermatozoa to the appropriate
site for fertilization
• Provides a site for the developing embryo and fetus
to grow – protection, nourishment
• Delivery of fetus
Female Perineum, where is it?
Region inferior to the
pelvic floor and
between upper region
of the thighs
Female Urogenital triangle:
External genitalia =
vulva.
• Anal triangle:
Anus
Where is Mons pubis
Layer of fat in front of the pubic
symphysis
What are the labia? What are the different types?
2 lip-like structures:
- major: larger and more lateral
- minor: smaller and more medial
What is the space between the labia called? What is it associated with?
space between (associated
with vagina) is the vestibule
{note: labia: plural; labium: singular}
What does the valve (external genitalia) consists of
- mons pubis
- major and minor labia
- vestibule
- vestibular glands
- clitoris
Where where are the vestibular glands located?
- deep to the labia
What do the vestibular glands do?
Lubricate the vaginal orifice
- there are lesser and greater ones
- lesser ones open into vestibule to keep it moist
- greater vestibular glands secrete during arousal for lubrication
Where does the labia minora spread around?
The vagina and urethral openings
What is the clitoris
A complex erectile organ
Components of the cltioris
- glands (only part that can be seen extranally)
- body
- Crura X2
- bulbs
What is Developmentally
homologous to the penis
Clitoris
Urethra in females
The urethra does not pass
through the clitoris
Urethra has separate
opening
The perineum is divided into two regions known as
the ___________ and ___________ triangles.
Eurogenital and anal triangle
The ___________ triangle contains the female
external genitalia, which is collectively known as the
___________.
Urogenital
Vulva
• The vulva incorporates the mons pubis, labia
majora and ___________, vestibule, ___________
glands and the clitoris.
Labia minora
Vestibular glands (greater and lesser)
Structures of The Female Reproductive Tract
Structures:
- ovary
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- cervix
- vagina
What are the ovaries the site of?
Site of ogenisis - is the site where the ocytes (gametes) are produced )
A bunch of yeappage
- female gonad - ovary - responsible for production of female gametes - ocytes
- when an ocyte is realised in ovulation it is taken into the duct called the uterine tube
- uterine tube has different regions, laterally you have the infundibulum (has finger like projections on the end known as fibrie that help facility the movement of oacyte after ovulation and into the underline tube)
- reach a more dilated region called the ampulla of the uterine tube
- isthmus opens into the entrance of uterus
- uterus made of two regions - body and fundus (dome end, important muscles for birth to help push out foetus)
- different regions make up the uterus - perimetrium, myometrium, lined by endometrium
- implantation occurs in the endometrium - where plangenta develops
- end of uterus is Called the Fornix
- cervix important for pregnancy - keeps baby inside. - Produced cervical mucus - protects from infection and facilitate movement of spermatizoa
-mucus changes through ovarian mentration - watery during ovulation
- when progesterone levels go up mucus becomes thicker and prevents movement of sperm into upper regions of the tract
Where does fert take place
Ampulla
Three regions of the uterine tube
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthmus
• Most lateral portion of the uterine tube
infundibulum
Features of the infundibulum
Most lateral portion of the uterine tube
• funnel shaped with finger like projections called fimbriae
Mid-portion: of the uterine tube
Mid-portion: ampulla
ampulla features
- mid probation of the uterine tube
- dilated area where fertilisation occurs (normally)
Most medial portion of the uterine tube
isthmus
isthmus features
- most medial portion of the uterine tube
- means ‘narrow passage’
The uterus sits between the
Sigmoid colon and the bladder