Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HUBS192 > 29 > Flashcards

29 Flashcards

1
Q

Which kidney is most inferior, and why?

A

The right, because of the location of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures comprise a kidney lobe?

A

A medulllary pyramid and the cortex that surrounds it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the nephron

A

Microscopic
functional unit of
the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many nephron per kidney

A

Approx 1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a nephron responsible for

A

Urine formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two types of nephron

A
  • Cortical nephrons
    • 85%
    • Lie mainly in cortex
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
    • Extend deep into medulla (renal corpuscle is located towards the boundary of cortex and medulla)
    • Important for the formation of concentrated urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Nephron

A
  • Cortical nephrons
    • 85%
    • Lie mainly in cortex
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
    • Extend deep into medulla
    • Important for the formation of concentrated urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of The nephron and associated structures

A

• Selectively filter blood (into the glomeric capsule)
• Return to blood anything to be kept
• Carry waste away for storage & expulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Each nephron is comprised of:

A

– A Glomerular capsule
– Renal tubules
– A collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Each nephron is associated with:

A

– A glomerulus
– Peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glomerular capillaries are specialised for:

A

Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structure of Glomerular capillaries

A

Thin walled single
layer of fenestrated
endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Glomerular capillaries fed and drained by?

A

Arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood pressure in the Glomerular capillaries is

A

Tightly regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Peritubular capillaries
Specialised for?

A

Absorbtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do Peritubular capillaries
Wrap around?

A

Renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does Peritubular capillaries receive what kind of blood from?

A

Receives filtered blood from
glomerulus via efferent
arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Peritubular capillaries reserve reabsorbed filtrate from where?

A

Receives reabsorbed filtrate
from nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do peritubular capillaries receive from nephrons?

A

reabsorbed filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Some non-______ solutes that
need to be ______ can pass
from ________ capillaries into _______

A

Some non-filtered solutes that
need to be excreted can pass
from peritubular capillaries into nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vasa recta - what are they?

A
  • Extensions that follow nephron
    loops deep into the medulla
  • Only found with juxtamedullary
    nephrons

(The way they are associated with the long nephron loops means sodium chloride can be concentrated down in the medulla, as sodium levels the nephron can be taken in by the vasa recta and taken down into the medulla, when water is reabsorbed from the descending limb instead of accumulating in medullary region it can enter the capillary end of vasa recta and be returned to the veins - getting rid of water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Foetal development of Renal capsule
26
What is the glomerus enclosed by?
Glomerulus enclosed by the Glomerular capsule
27
Where does the capillary and nephron meet?
The renal corpuscle
28
What is the site of the filtration barrier ?
The renal corpuscle
29
What is the first part of the nephron ?
Glomerular capsule
30
Glomerulat capsule is also known as the
Bowman’s capsule
31
Two layers of the glomerular capsule
- Outer parietal layer of simple squamous cells - Inner visceral layer of podocytes
32
What is between the two layers of the glomerular capsule and what does it receive
Between the two layers is the capsular space (a.k.a. Bowman’s space/urinary space) which receives filtrate
33
Renal corpuscle is made up of
- glomerulus - glomerular capsule
34
What surrounds the glomerular capillaries
Podocytes
35
What are podocytes
Very branched, very specialised epithelium
36
Branches form intertwining foot processes called
Pedicels
37
What forms between pedicels
Filtration slits
38
What passes through the filtration slits
Filtered blood (filtrate) goes through these slits and passes into capsular space
39
40
Filtration barrier is also called the
blood-urine barrier/glomerular capsular membrane
41
Filtration barrier lies between
blood and capsular space
42
Filtration barrier allows
free passage of water and small molecules
43
Filtration barrier restricts the passage of
most proteins RBCs are not filtered into nephron
44
Three layer of the filtration barrier
– Fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillary – Fused basement membrane (contains collegian and proteoglycans) – Filtration slits between the pedicels of the podocytes
45
Yas
46
What happens after filtrations?
• Urine is waste fluid and solutes filtered from the blood • Not everything that is filtered is excreted • Some filtrate is reabsorbed • And some of what wasn’t filtered is secreted into the nephron • So, urine = Filtered – Reabsorbed + Secreted
47
What happens in the Proximal convoluted tubule
• Bulk reabsorption (2/3)
48
What surrounds Proximal convoluted tubule
Surrounded by peritubular capillaries
49
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) structure
• Structure: – Cuboidal epithelial cells – Dense microvilli (brush border) on luminal membrane – Highly folded basolateral membrane – Many mitochondria for active transport – Leaky epithelium
50
What is the nephron loop also known as?
Loop of Henle
51
Where does the nephron loop down into?
The medulla
52
What is the length of the nephron important for?
- Length is important in production of dilute/concentrated urine
53
What is the nephron loop surrounded by? (juxtamedullary nephrons only)
vasa recta
54
Structure of the Nephron loop
Thick descending limb - Similar to PCT structure Thin descending limb - Simple squamous epithelium Thin ascending limb - Simple squamous epithelium Thick ascending limb - Similar to DCT structure
55
Nephron loop Different permeabilities to:
water and sodium
56
What happens mainly in distal convoluted tubule
- fine tuning (with hormones - ADH and actedlytone)
57
What kind of epithelium in DCT
Cuboidal epithelium,
58
Distal convoluted tubule is _______ is proximal DT
Thinner
59
Structure of DCT
Structure - Few microvilli = no brush border - Fewer mitochondria - Reabsorption influenced by aldosterone
60
Main role of collection duct:
Fine tuning (Principle cells absorb secreting potassium, absorbing sodium, reabsortion g water Intercollated cells secrete hydrogen and bicarbonate ions)
61
Filtrate from several _____ drains into one _________, which empty at _______
Filtrate from several DCTs drains into one collecting duct, which empty at papilla
62
Structure of Collecting duct
Wall of simple cuboidal epithelium Principal cells - Reabsorption Intercalated cells - Acid/Base balance
63
Reabsortion in the collecting duct is influenced by
Reabsorption influenced by aldosterone and ADH
64
65
• Understanding the structure of the epithelium throughout the nephron is essential to help you to understand the function of each section
Yeh
66
Histology of the nephron \
67
Flow of filtrate/urine through the nephron and kidney
Do this
68
Describe the gross internal structure of the kidneys, including a brief overview of the path of blood towards the site of filtration. Describe the structures present in the renal corpuscle that allow filtration from the blood to occur, and which vessels receive reabsorbed filtrate.
69
70

HUBS192 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions