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Russia and its Rulers > Turning Points Repression Revision > Flashcards

Turning Points Repression Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Turning Points Repression Revision

A

turning points repression revision

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2
Q

CRIMEAN WAR:
When did Alexander II relax censorship?

A

1865

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3
Q

What did Alexander II still believe after the Crimean War?

A

Autocracy and that God wanted him to be tsar

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4
Q

What was introduced in 1864?

A

The Zemstva

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5
Q

What system was introduced in 1864?

A

The introduction of a jury system

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6
Q

When was the emancipation edict?

A

1861

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7
Q

How many people received their liberty in the emancipation edict?

A

23 million

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8
Q

What policy did Alexander II introduce?

A

Glasnost (openness)

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9
Q

What newspaper did the government publish?

A

Ruskii

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10
Q

How many books were published in 1864?

A

1836 books

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11
Q

DEATH OF ALEXANDER II:
What was passed in 1881 which gave the Okhrana more powers?

A

The Statute Concerning measures for the Production of State Security and the Social Order

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12
Q

When was the ‘People’s Will’ disbanded?

A

1884

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13
Q

Who was assassinated in May 1887?

A

Lenin’s brother

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14
Q

What did the Okhrana have the power to do under Alexander III?

A

Infiltrate dissident groups

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15
Q

What did the army enforce under Alexander III?

A

Russification

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16
Q

What was the period under Alexander III known as?

A

The ‘Reaction’

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17
Q

Who influenced the ‘Reaction’?

A

Konstantin Pobedonostsev

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18
Q

What did Alexander III introduce in 1889 to control the behaviour of peasants?

A

Land Captains

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19
Q

What local government was banned under Alexander III?

A

The mir

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20
Q

What was the government allowed to do in regards to publishing?

A

The government was allowed to censor books before they were published

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21
Q

1905 REVOLUTION:
What did Nicholas II have the power to do after the Fundamental Laws?

A

Shut down the Duma

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22
Q

How many Dumas were there from 1906 to 1917?

A

4

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23
Q

How many Dumas did Nicholas II shut down from 1906 to 1907?

A

2

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24
Q

What did Nicholas II use repression to implement after 1906?

A

Autocracy

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25
Q

How many people were executed in 1909?

A

537 people

26
Q

Why did Nicholas II shut down the first Duma in July 1906?

A

He claimed the actions of the Duma were illegal when they had a radical option for land redistribution which quickly gained press coverage

27
Q

Who were executed between the first and second Dumas and what were they known as?

A

Kadet and Labourist party members who had signed the Vyborg Manifesto were executed - known as Stolypin’s neckties

28
Q

What could the Okhrana do after 1905?

A

Execute without trial

29
Q

OCTOBER REVOLUTION:
How many people did the Cheka execute per year from 1917 to 1922?

A

28,000

30
Q

What was the role of the Cheka?

A

To deal with ‘counter-revolutionaries’

31
Q

How did the Cheka victimise people?

A

The Cheka victimised people on who they were, not what they had done

32
Q

How many conscripts were in the Red Army by 1922?

A

5 million

33
Q

What did the Red Army impose along with the Cheka?

A

War Communism

34
Q

Why was press freedom abolished?

A

To suppress ‘counter-revolutionaries’

35
Q

When was Agitprop created?

A

1921

36
Q

When did Lenin ban all other parties?

A

1921

37
Q

How many people were killed in Tambov’s rebellion?

A

140,000

38
Q

What was used on peasants in Tambov’s rebellion?

A

Chemical weapons

39
Q

THE RISE OF STALIN:
How did Stalin use repression?

A

Through the NKVD/gulags

40
Q

How many members of the NKVD had been killed by 1938?

A

20,000

41
Q

When did Stalin take control of Party Congress?

A

1927

42
Q

What did the NKVD create?

A

A permanent form of terror

43
Q

What high-rankings communists were executed by the NKVD?

A

Bukharin, Kamenev, Zinoviev, Trotsky

44
Q

What two NKVD leaders were executed in 1938 and 1940 respectively?

A

Yagoda and Yezhov

45
Q

When was the ‘Great Terror’?

A

1936 to 1938

46
Q

How was the army leadership purged in the ‘Great Terror’?

A

40% of top army leadership was executed from 1936 to 1938

47
Q

What was set up for writers?

A

The Union of Soviet Writers (USW)

48
Q

How many writers were put on trial for treason in August 1952?

A

15 - 13 executed

49
Q

What did Stalin create around himself and Lenin?

A

A cult of personality

50
Q

How many people died in the Holodomor famine?

A

7.5 million people

51
Q

How many peasants were executed on collectivised farms between 1932 and 1933?

A

125,000

52
Q

How many kulaks were deported to Kazakhstan?

A

5 million

53
Q

DE-STALINISATION:
How many political prisoners were there by 1960?

A

11,000

54
Q

What did Khrushchev launch an attack on in a speech in 1956?

A

‘The Cult of the Individual and its Consequences’

55
Q

How many books were published per year under Khrushchev?

A

65,000

56
Q

What did Khrushchev replace the MVD with in 1954?

A

The KGB

57
Q

What was the KGB under?

A

Party control

58
Q

When were the gulags shut down?

A

1955

59
Q

What was the size of the army in 1955 and 1964?

A

1955 - 3.6 million
1964 - 2.4 million

60
Q

How many libraries were there containing how many books by 1959?

A

135,000 libraries containing 8 billion books

61
Q

How many workers were executed after a protest in Novocherkassk over food riots?

A

23

Russia and its Rulers (35 decks)

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