Chapter 4 - Russification - Social Impacts Flashcards
SOCIAL IMPACTS OF RUSSIFICATION
social impacts of russification
Finland Social Impacts: Nicholas II
Whose power was strengthened during russification under Nicholas II?
The Orthodox Church
How many Russians compared to Finns lived in Finland when Russian was made the administrative language?
8000 Russians, 2.7 million Finns
Finland: Stalin
Roughly how many Soviets died in two wars with Finland during Stalin’s reign?
450,000
How many Finns died in the two wars with the Soviets during WW2?
120,000
Ukraine: Alexander II
When were Ukrainian Sunday schools abolished?
1862
What did a decree in Ukraine in 1863 state?
That the Ukrainian language did not exist
When did it become illegal to publish books in Ukrainian?
1876
Ukraine: Lenin
What was encouraged after the 1924 constitution?
The Ukrainian language
Ukraine: Stalin
When were all Ukrainian folk singers executed?
1932
How many Ukrainians were killed in the Holodomor famine from 1932 to 1933?
7.5 million
What happened to promoters of the Ukrainian language in 1929 and then 1936 to 1939?
They were purged
What happened in Ukraine under Stalin that had also happened under Alexander II?
Russian became the official language of Ukraine
What were many Ukrainians accused of after WW2?
Collaborating with the Germans - executed or transport to the far north
The Baltic States: Alexander II
What was banned in schools in 1865?
The Lithuanian language
What were Lithuanians banned from?
Government jobs
Poland: Alexander II
What was the Polish Catholic church banned from doing?
Communicating with the Vatican church
Poland: Alexander III
What did industrialisation in Poland lead to?
A growing proletariat
What Polish political parties were formed in 1892 and 1893?
1892 - Polish Socialist party
1893 - Social democratic party
Poland: Stalin
What happened to leading members of Polish churches and trade unions?
They were arrested
How many Polish workers went on strike in 1950?
30,000
Poland: Khrushchev
Who were allowed to teach in schools again under Khrushchev?
The Catholic church
The Jewish population: Alexander II
What was the artificial place for Jews before Alexander II?
The Pale of Settlement
What did Alexander II allow Jews to do?
To migrate out of the Pale to other regions
The Jewish population: Alexander III
What did Alexander III clamp down on in regards to Jews?
Alexander III clamped down on migration of Jews out of the Pale
What did Alexander III believe Jews were behind?
The infamous ‘Ignatiev memorandum’
What did Alexander III ban Jews from doing?
Purchasing land in prosperous rural areas
What were Jews restricted from doing under Alexander III?
Being in senior positions in the military or medicine
What did Alexander III remove Jewish people from?
The electoral register of the Zemstva
The Jewish population: Nicholas II
What did Nicholas II take from his father in regards to Jews?
He continued the anti-Jewish position taken by his father
What did Nicholas II accuse Jews of being?
‘Revolutionaries’
The Jewish population: Stalin
What was established in the 1930s?
More ‘established’ settlements
By when was there a ban on the Jewish religion?
WW2
How many Jewish leaders were tried and executed in the ‘Doctor’s Plot’ of August 1952?
15
The Jewish population: Khrushchev
What were a number of Jewish technical specialists executed for under Khrushchev?
Anti-communist activity
Central Asia: Nicholas II
Who did Nicholas II show some respect for?
Muslims
Who represented Muslims in the Duma?
The All-Russian Muslim League
When did Nicholas II ban Muslims from the Duma?
1907, with the 1907 electoral law
Why was there a revolt in Central Asia during the reign of Nicholas II?
Conscription started during Ramadan
Central Asia: Stalin
What did Stalin use Central Asia as?
A dumping ground for dissidents
How much did the population of Kazakhstan fall as a result of collectivisation?
75%
