Chapter 2.2 - The extent and reasons for Social change Flashcards
Education: Alexander II
Who provided education before 1864?
The church or wealthy individuals
What % of army recruits were literate by the mid-1860s?
7%
Who was put in charge of schools in 1864?
The Zemstva
When was the authority of the Zemstva over education taken away and who was it given to?
Taken away in 1870 and given to Dmitri Tolstoy, Minister for Education
How much did secondary school intake increase from 1855 to 1865?
The number of students in secondary school doubled
How many schools were there in Russia by 1880?
23,000 schools
Alexander III: Education
Who did A3 ban from attending secondary schools?
Lower-class children
How did Alexander III try to control universities?
By appointing people to university councils rather than having an election process
Nicholas II: Education
What did the first Duma announce in 1906?
A plan for ‘universal primary education’ by 1922
How many schools were there in Russia in 1896 and 1914?
1896 - 79,000
1914 - 81,000
Education: Lenin
What did Lenin abolish in 1918?
Church schools
What other type of schools did the Bolsheviks scrap?
The ‘bourgeois’ gymnasia
What did the Bolsheviks replace the gymnasia with?
Polytechnics
What did the polytechnic schools focus on?
Skills development related to a particular area of work
Stalin: Education
What did Stalin make compulsory in 1930?
Primary school attendance
