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Russia and its Rulers > Chapter 2 - Economy/Society - Agriculture > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Economy/Society - Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER II

A

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER II

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2
Q

What laid a platform for all agricultural reform under Alexander II?

A

The Emancipation Edict 3rd March 1861

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3
Q

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER III

A

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER III

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4
Q

When was there a disastrous famine under Alexander III?

A

1891

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5
Q

How many people died in the 1891 famine?

A

375,000-400,000

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6
Q

What did Alexander III blame the 1891 famine on?

A

Poor farming techniques by the peasants

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7
Q

What did Alexander III create to encourage the spread of good practice in farming and agriculture?

A

Ministry of agriculture

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8
Q

Who were used by Alexander III to keep discipline in regional areas?

A

Land captains

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9
Q

What was set up in 1883 to help peasants by land?

A

The Peasant Land Bank

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10
Q

AGRICULTURE: NICHOLAS II

A

AGRICULTURE: NICHOLAS II

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11
Q

Who was appointed Prime Minister in 1906 to revamp government policy over land distribution?

A

Stolypin

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12
Q

When did rural unrest peak under Nicholas II?

A

1905-7

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13
Q

What was Stolypin’s aim in his land redistribution?

A

To strengthen the class of ‘best’ peasants

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14
Q

Why did Stolypin want to strengthen the class of the best peasants?

A

To act as a force against the mir and be a role model to other peasants

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15
Q

What did Stolypin make unused land available to?

A

The Peasant Land Bank

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16
Q

What were peasants who owned farming strips allowed to do under the reign of Nicholas II?

A

Consolidate their land into smallholdings

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17
Q

How many peasants had left the village communes by 1914?

A

2 million

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18
Q

AGRICULTURE: LENIN

A

AGRICULTURE: LENIN

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19
Q

What did the Bolsheviks promise before they were in government?

A

‘Peace, Bread and Land’

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20
Q

What did the Bolsheviks issue as soon as they had seized power?

A

The Decree on Land

21
Q

Why was war communism bad for peasants?

A

Grain was forcefully taken from them

22
Q

Who were blamed for food shortages during the Russian Civil War?

A

Kulaks - peasants who hoarded grain

23
Q

What was a punishment dished out to kulaks under Lenin?

A

Their children were refused entry into state schools, kulaks also disenfranchised and taxed higher

24
Q

What was the definition of a kulak in 1928?

A

A peasant who owned at least 3 cows

25
Q

What were the cheka used to unleash?

A

A class war in the countryside

26
Q

AGRICULTURE: STALIN

A

AGRICULTURE: STALIN

27
Q

What is collectivisation?

A

The process of bringing a number of small farm units together to form bigger farms

28
Q

What was the idea of collectivisation?

A

Peasants would collaborate to produce as much food as possible to feed themselves and the growing urban proletariat

29
Q

What % of peasants farmers were working on a collective just before Stalin emerged as leader?

A

3%

30
Q

What prompted Stalin to push for mass collectivisation?

A

Famine of 1927-28

31
Q

What did Stalin wish to create via collectvisation?

A

‘Socialism in the countryside’

32
Q

Under Stalin, what did collectivisation go hand in hand with?

A

Dekulakisation

33
Q

How many kulaks were deported from 1928 to 1930?

A

6-18 million

34
Q

How many kulaks were shot from 1928 to 1930?

A

30,000

35
Q

When did Stalin start his collectivisation policy?

A

November 1929

36
Q

According to Stalin, what % of all households had been collectivised by March 1930?

A

58%

37
Q

What % of peasants lived on a collectivised farm by 1937?

A

93%

38
Q

What % of peasants lived on a collectivised farm by 1941?

A

98%

39
Q

When was the mir abolished?

A

1930

40
Q

What did the population of Kazakhstan fall by as a result of collectivisation?

A

75%

41
Q

AGRICULTURE: KHRUSHCHEV

A

AGRICULTURE: KHRUSHCHEV

42
Q

How many protestors over food riots in Novocherkassk in June 1962 were executed?

A

23

43
Q

When was the Virgin Land Campaign introduced?

A

1954

44
Q

How many acres of land were given over for the production by wheat in 1950?

A

96 million acres

45
Q

By 1960, how many acres of land were used for wheat production?

A

165 million acres

46
Q

When was there a disastrous harvest under Khrushchev?

A

1963

47
Q

What was wheat production in 1962?

A

140 million tonnes

48
Q

What was wheat production in 1963?

A

107 million tonnes

Russia and its Rulers (35 decks)

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