Chapter 2 - Economy/Society - Food and famine

Question 1

FOOD AND FAMINE: ALEXANDER II

Answer 1

FOOD AND FAMINE: ALEXANDER II

Question 2

What was Alexander II worried about in 1855?

Answer 2

That if food shortages continued there would be widespread social unrest

Question 3

Who did Alexander II place in charge of drawing up emergency measures to cope with famines in 1864?

Answer 3

The Zemstva

Question 4

FOOD AND FAMINE: ALEXANDER III

Answer 4

FOOD AND FAMINE: ALEXANDER III

Question 5

When was there a widespread famine under Alexander III?

Answer 5

1891

Question 6

What made the 1891 famine worse?

Answer 6

Outbreaks of cholera and typhus

Question 7

How many died in the 1891 famine?

Answer 7

350,000

Question 8

What did finance minister Vyshnegradskii do which had played a role in causing the famine?

Answer 8

He introduced the Mendeleev tariff

Question 9

Why did Vyshnegradskii increasing taxes cause the famine?

Answer 9

Peasants had to sell off grain surpluses in order to cope with the inflated prices

Question 10

What did Alexander III create to deal with the 1891 famine?

Answer 10

A Special Committee on Famine Relief

Question 11

FOOD AND FAMINE: NICHOLAS II

Answer 11

FOOD AND FAMINE: NICHOLAS II

Question 12

Why did towns and cities not benefit from good harvests from 1914-17?

Answer 12

Grain was given to the troops

Question 13

How long were bread queues during WW1?

Answer 13

8 hours

Question 14

What did peasants do during WW1?

Answer 14

Hoarded grain and slaughtered their animals

Question 15

FOOD AND FAMINE: LENIN

Answer 15

FOOD AND FAMINE: LENIN

Question 16

What had been lost as a result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Answer 16

Valuable agricultural land

Question 17

How did the Bolsheviks respond to food shortages in 1918?

Answer 17

They introduced grain requisitioning

Question 18

Who was blamed for food shortages under the Bolsheviks?

Answer 18

Kulaks

Question 19

How much did Ukrainian food production fall in1920-21?

Answer 19

20%

Question 20

What was shutdown during the Russian Civil War?

Answer 20

The Russian railway system

Question 21

How many died in the 1921 famine?

Answer 21

5 million

Question 22

What was Lenin reluctant to accept?

Answer 22

Aid from the American Relief Administration

Question 23

FOOD AND FAMINE: STALIN

Answer 23

FOOD AND FAMINE: STALIN

Question 24

When were there good harvests under Stalin?

Answer 24

1926 and 1927

Question 25

What did Stalin resort to after a bad harvest in 1928?

Answer 25

Grain requisitioning

Question 26

What was the Urals-Siberian method?

Answer 26

Villagers were encouraged to reveal grain hoarders and those who showed bourgeois tendencies

Question 27

What 2 things led to the 1932-34 famine?

Answer 27

Collectivisation and poor harvests

Question 28

What was imposed for stealing grain under the Stalinist regime?

Answer 28

The death penalty

Question 29

What was banned during the food crisis?

Answer 29

Discussion of the grain crisis

Question 30

How many people died in the Holodomor famine?

Answer 30

7.5 million

Question 31

How much had meat and fish consumption fallen by the late 1930s?

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

What policy was relaxed during WW2?

Answer 32

Collectivisation

Question 33

When was there another famine under Stalin?

Answer 33

1947