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USMLE Step 1 Random Facts > Tumor Markers > Flashcards

Tumor Markers Flashcards

O = oncogenes; GOF --> increased cancer risk (only 1 allele needs to be damaged) TS = tumor suppressor gene; LOF --> increased cancer risk (both alleles must be lost) GP = gene product

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abl

A

O; CML

GP = tyrosine kinase

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2
Q

c-myc

A

O; Burkitt’s lymphoma

GP = transcription factor

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3
Q

bcl-2

A

O; follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas (inhib apoptosis)
GP = anti-apoptotic molec

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4
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

A

O; breast, ovarian, gastric carcinomas

GP = tyrosine kinase

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5
Q

ras

A

O; colon carcinoma

GP = GTPase

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6
Q

L-myc

A

O; Lung tumor (think L)

GP = transcription factor

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7
Q

N-myc

A

O; Neuroblastoma (think N)

GP = transcription factor

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8
Q

ret

A

O; MEN types 2A, 2B

GP = tyrosine kinase

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9
Q

c-kit

A

O; gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

GP = cytokine receptor

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10
Q

Rb

A

TS; RetinoBlastoma, osteosarcoma
GP = inhibits E2F; blocks G1 –> S phase
on chrom 13

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11
Q

p53

A

TS; most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni synd

GP = transcription factor for p21, blocks G1 –> S phase

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12
Q

BRCA1

A

TS; breast and ovarian cancer

GP = DNA repair protein

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13
Q

BRCA2

A

TS; breast and ovarian cancer

GP = DNA repair protein

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14
Q

p16

A

TS; melanoma

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15
Q

BRAF

A

O; melanoma

GP = B-raf

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16
Q

APC

A

TS; colorectal cancer (ass. w/ FAP)

gene responsible for cell adhesion –> mut ass w/ decreased D-cadherin adhesion molecule

17
Q

WT1

A

TS; Wilms’ Tumor (nephroblastoma) [think WT]

on chrom 11

18
Q

NF1

A

TS; NeuroFibromatosis type 1 (think NF1)

GP = RAS GTPase activating protein (RAS-GAP)

19
Q

NF2

A

TS; NeuroFibromatosis type 2 (think NF2)

GP = merlin (schwannomin) protein

20
Q

DPC4

A

TS; pancreatic cancer

GP = DPC - “Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer”

21
Q

DCC

A

TS; colon cancer

GP = DCC - “Deleted in Colon Cancer”

22
Q

PSA

A

prostrate-specific antigen

used to follow prostate carcinoma; can be elevated in BPH and prostatitis

23
Q

prostate acid phosphatase

A

prostate carcinoma

24
Q

CEA

A

CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen
nonspecific; prod by ~70% colorectal and pancreatic cancers
also prod by gastric, breast, medullary thyroid carcinomas
**useful marker for tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer

25
Q

alpha-fetoprotein

A

hepatocellular carcionas

nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (eg. testis, ovary)

26
Q

beta-hCG

A

Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (Gestational trophoblastic dz)
commonly ass. w/ pregnancy

27
Q

CA-125

A

ovarian cancer

28
Q

S100

A

melanoma, neural tumors, schwannomas

29
Q

alkaline phosphatase

A

metastases to bone, liver, Paget’s dz of bone

30
Q

Bombesin

A

neuroblastoma, lung and gastric cancer

31
Q

TRAP

A

Tartae-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Hairy cell leukemia

32
Q

CA-19-9

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

33
Q

calcitonin

A

medullary thyroid carcinoma

34
Q

K-ras

A

O; size increases in adenomatous polyps

35
Q

MSH2

A

DNA repair mismatch

HPNCC, or Lynch synd

36
Q

Erb-B2

A

encodes protein w/ tyrosine kinase activity related to EGF receptor
overexpression = ass w/ breast/ovarian cancers

37
Q

VHL

A

TS; del/mut in this gene only ass w/ RCC

USMLE Step 1 Random Facts (35 decks)

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