MSK

Question 1

C7 root lesion?

Answer 1

cervical disk lesion

Question 2

axillary n. lesion?

Answer 2

1) fracture of SURGICAL neck
2) dislocation of humerus
3) intramuscular injections

Question 3

lower trunk of brachial plexus lesion?

Answer 3

compressed by cervical rib
Pancoast tumor of lung

leads to Klumpke’s palsy

Question 4

radial n. in spiral groove lesion?

Answer 4

MIDSHAFT fracture of humerus

Question 5

radial n. lesion?

Answer 5

compression in AXILLA by crutches, back of chair, etc.

Question 6

median n. lesion?

Answer 6

compressed by SUPRACONDYLAR fracture of humerus
pronator teres synd
compressed in CARPAL TUNNEL SYND
dislocated lunate

Question 7

radial n. (deep branch) lesion?

Answer 7

stretched by SUBLUXATION of radius (“nursemaid’s elbow”)

Question 8

ulnar n. lesion?

Answer 8

fracture of MEDIAL EPICONDYLE of humerus

fracture of HOOK OF HAMATE (Guyon’s canal)

Question 9

anterior interosseous n. lesion?

Answer 9

compressed in deep forearm

Question 10

axillary n. levels, motor, sensory?

Answer 10

C5-C6
m- deltoid (arm ABduction @ shoulder)
s - over deltoid muscle and lateral upper arm

Question 11

radial n. levels, motor, sensory?

Answer 11

C5-T1
m- brachioradialis, Extensors of wrist/fingers, Supinator, Triceps (“BEST extensors”)
s- posterior arm (from post. cutaneous n. of arm), dorsal hand (from superficial branch of radial n.), THUMB

Question 12

median n. levels, motor, sensory?

Answer 12

C5-C8, T1
m - opposition of thumb, lateral finger flexion, wrist flexion, pronation
s - dorsal/palmar aspects of lateral 3 1/2 fingers, thenar eminence

Question 13

ulnar n. levels, motor, sensory?

Answer 13

C8, T1
m - medial finger flexion, wrist flexion, intrinsic hand muscles
s - medial 1 1/2 fingers, hypothenar eminence

Question 14

musculocutaneous n. levels, motor, sensory?

Answer 14

C5-C7
m - biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis; flexion of arm @ elbow
s - lateral forearm

Question 15

axillary n. injury sign?

Answer 15

atrophied deltoid

Question 16

radial n. injury sign?

Answer 16

wrist drop

Question 17

median n. injury sign?

Answer 17

“ape hand”

“Pope’s blessing”

Question 18

ulnar n. injury sign?

Answer 18

RADIAL DEVIATION of wrist on wrist flexion

Question 19

tight junctions (zonula occludens)

Answer 19

prevent paracellular movement of solutes
composed of claudins, occludins
**in brain

Question 20

adherens junction (zonula adherans)

Answer 20

“belt” connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells w/ cadherins
loss of E-cadherin –> promotes matastasis

Question 21

desmosome (macula adherens)

Answer 21

support via keratin

connect epith cells together

Question 22

gap junction

Answer 22

connexons - permit electrical/chemical comm b/w cells

**abundant in MYOCYTES!

Question 23

hemidesmosome

Answer 23

connect keratin in basal cells to underlying BM

contain integrins

Question 24

integrins

Answer 24

membrane proteins that maintain integrity of BM by binding to laminin in BM

Question 25

supraspinatus m.

Answer 25

abducts 10-15 degrees >30 to 90 = deltoid >90 = trapezius, serratus anterior

Question 26

infraspinatus m.

Answer 26

lateral rotation

Question 27

teres minor m.

Answer 27

adduction, lateral rotation

Question 28

subscapularis m.

Answer 28

adduction, medial rotation

Question 29

osteitis fibrosa cystica =

Answer 29

brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism increased Ca, PTH, ALP decreased phosphate

Question 30

McCune Albright synd

Answer 30

multiple unilat bone lesions (fibrous dysplasia) precocious puberty cafe-au-lait spots

Question 31

impt RF for osteoarthritis

Answer 31

age

Question 32

In RA, inflamm causes arginine residues in proteins like vimentin to convert into?

Answer 32

citrulline

Question 33

Sjogren's increases risk of

Answer 33

B-cell lymphoma

Question 34

Sjogren's has Ab against what

Answer 34

ribonucleoprotein antigens

Question 35

ankylosing spondylitis features?

Answer 35

ankylosis (stiff spine due to fusion of joints) - improves w/ exercise uveitis aortic regurg

Question 36

polymyositis inflamm =

Answer 36

endomysial inflamm w/ CD8 T-cells | increased aldolase

Question 37

dermatomyositis inflamm =

Answer 37

perimysial (perifascicular) inflamm + atrophy w/ CD4 T-cells

Question 38

scale =

Answer 38

flaking off of STRATUM CORNEUM

Question 39

hyperparakeratosis

Answer 39

retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

Question 40

hyperkeratosis

Answer 40

increased thickness of stratum corneum | seen in psoriasis, actinic keratosis

Question 41

parakeratosis

Answer 41

hyperkeratosis w/ retention of nuclei in stratum corneum | seen in psoriasis, actinic keratosis

Question 42

acantholysis

Answer 42

separation of epidermal cells | seen in pemphigus vulgaris

Question 43

acanthosis

Answer 43

``` epidermal hyperplasia (increased stratum SPINOSUM) seen in acanthosis nigracans ```

Question 44

dermatitis

Answer 44

inflamm of skin | seen in atopic dermatitis

Question 45

hypergranulosis

Answer 45

excessive granulation in stratum granulosum | seen in lichen planus

Question 46

spongiosis

Answer 46

epidermal accum of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces | seen in eczematous/contact dermatitis

Question 47

changes seen in psoriasis

Answer 47

increased stratum spinosum | decreased stratum granulosum

Question 48

Lesler-Trelat sign

Answer 48

sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses | indicates underlying malig, usually colon cancer

Question 49

dermatitis herpetiformis features

Answer 49

formation of MICROABSCESSES w/ fibrin + neutrophils @ dermal papillae tips Ab against gliadin cross-react w/ RETICULIN (found in anchoring fibrils of epidermal BM)

Question 50

erythema multiforme commonly ass w/ what infection

Answer 50

HSV

Question 51

lichen planus commonly ass w/

Answer 51

HCV

Question 52

pain out of proportion to findings seen in what 2 conditions

Answer 52

necrotizing fasciitis | ischemic colitis

Question 53

SSSS vs. toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 53

SSSS - sloughing of stratum granulosum ONLY | TEN - destroys dermal-epidermal junction

Question 54

cup-shaped tumor w/ keratin debris in center

Answer 54

keratoacanthoma | grows rapidly, may regress spontaneously

Question 55

salicylate poisoning (early/late)

Answer 55

early - resp alkalosis bc stim of resp center | late - increased anion gap metab acidosis