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USMLE Step 1 Random Facts > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

C7 root lesion?

A

cervical disk lesion

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2
Q

axillary n. lesion?

A

1) fracture of SURGICAL neck
2) dislocation of humerus
3) intramuscular injections

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3
Q

lower trunk of brachial plexus lesion?

A

compressed by cervical rib
Pancoast tumor of lung

leads to Klumpke’s palsy

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4
Q

radial n. in spiral groove lesion?

A

MIDSHAFT fracture of humerus

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5
Q

radial n. lesion?

A

compression in AXILLA by crutches, back of chair, etc.

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6
Q

median n. lesion?

A

compressed by SUPRACONDYLAR fracture of humerus
pronator teres synd
compressed in CARPAL TUNNEL SYND
dislocated lunate

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7
Q

radial n. (deep branch) lesion?

A

stretched by SUBLUXATION of radius (“nursemaid’s elbow”)

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8
Q

ulnar n. lesion?

A

fracture of MEDIAL EPICONDYLE of humerus

fracture of HOOK OF HAMATE (Guyon’s canal)

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9
Q

anterior interosseous n. lesion?

A

compressed in deep forearm

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10
Q

axillary n. levels, motor, sensory?

A

C5-C6
m- deltoid (arm ABduction @ shoulder)
s - over deltoid muscle and lateral upper arm

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11
Q

radial n. levels, motor, sensory?

A

C5-T1
m- brachioradialis, Extensors of wrist/fingers, Supinator, Triceps (“BEST extensors”)
s- posterior arm (from post. cutaneous n. of arm), dorsal hand (from superficial branch of radial n.), THUMB

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12
Q

median n. levels, motor, sensory?

A

C5-C8, T1
m - opposition of thumb, lateral finger flexion, wrist flexion, pronation
s - dorsal/palmar aspects of lateral 3 1/2 fingers, thenar eminence

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13
Q

ulnar n. levels, motor, sensory?

A

C8, T1
m - medial finger flexion, wrist flexion, intrinsic hand muscles
s - medial 1 1/2 fingers, hypothenar eminence

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14
Q

musculocutaneous n. levels, motor, sensory?

A

C5-C7
m - biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis; flexion of arm @ elbow
s - lateral forearm

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15
Q

axillary n. injury sign?

A

atrophied deltoid

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16
Q

radial n. injury sign?

A

wrist drop

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17
Q

median n. injury sign?

A

“ape hand”

“Pope’s blessing”

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18
Q

ulnar n. injury sign?

A

RADIAL DEVIATION of wrist on wrist flexion

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19
Q

tight junctions (zonula occludens)

A

prevent paracellular movement of solutes
composed of claudins, occludins
**in brain

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20
Q

adherens junction (zonula adherans)

A

“belt” connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells w/ cadherins
loss of E-cadherin –> promotes matastasis

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21
Q

desmosome (macula adherens)

A

support via keratin

connect epith cells together

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22
Q

gap junction

A

connexons - permit electrical/chemical comm b/w cells

**abundant in MYOCYTES!

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23
Q

hemidesmosome

A

connect keratin in basal cells to underlying BM

contain integrins

24
Q

integrins

A

membrane proteins that maintain integrity of BM by binding to laminin in BM

25
Q

supraspinatus m.

A

abducts 10-15 degrees
>30 to 90 = deltoid
>90 = trapezius, serratus anterior

26
Q

infraspinatus m.

A

lateral rotation

27
Q

teres minor m.

A

adduction, lateral rotation

28
Q

subscapularis m.

A

adduction, medial rotation

29
Q

osteitis fibrosa cystica =

A

brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism
increased Ca, PTH, ALP
decreased phosphate

30
Q

McCune Albright synd

A

multiple unilat bone lesions (fibrous dysplasia)
precocious puberty
cafe-au-lait spots

31
Q

impt RF for osteoarthritis

A

age

32
Q

In RA, inflamm causes arginine residues in proteins like vimentin to convert into?

A

citrulline

33
Q

Sjogren’s increases risk of

A

B-cell lymphoma

34
Q

Sjogren’s has Ab against what

A

ribonucleoprotein antigens

35
Q

ankylosing spondylitis features?

A

ankylosis (stiff spine due to fusion of joints) - improves w/ exercise
uveitis
aortic regurg

36
Q

polymyositis inflamm =

A

endomysial inflamm w/ CD8 T-cells

increased aldolase

37
Q

dermatomyositis inflamm =

A

perimysial (perifascicular) inflamm + atrophy w/ CD4 T-cells

38
Q

scale =

A

flaking off of STRATUM CORNEUM

39
Q

hyperparakeratosis

A

retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

40
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

increased thickness of stratum corneum

seen in psoriasis, actinic keratosis

41
Q

parakeratosis

A

hyperkeratosis w/ retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

seen in psoriasis, actinic keratosis

42
Q

acantholysis

A

separation of epidermal cells

seen in pemphigus vulgaris

43
Q

acanthosis

A 
epidermal hyperplasia (increased stratum SPINOSUM)
seen in acanthosis nigracans
44
Q

dermatitis

A

inflamm of skin

seen in atopic dermatitis

45
Q

hypergranulosis

A

excessive granulation in stratum granulosum

seen in lichen planus

46
Q

spongiosis

A

epidermal accum of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces

seen in eczematous/contact dermatitis

47
Q

changes seen in psoriasis

A

increased stratum spinosum

decreased stratum granulosum

48
Q

Lesler-Trelat sign

A

sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses

indicates underlying malig, usually colon cancer

49
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis features

A

formation of MICROABSCESSES w/ fibrin + neutrophils @ dermal papillae tips
Ab against gliadin cross-react w/ RETICULIN (found in anchoring fibrils of epidermal BM)

50
Q

erythema multiforme commonly ass w/ what infection

A

HSV

51
Q

lichen planus commonly ass w/

A

HCV

52
Q

pain out of proportion to findings seen in what 2 conditions

A

necrotizing fasciitis

ischemic colitis

53
Q

SSSS vs. toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

SSSS - sloughing of stratum granulosum ONLY

TEN - destroys dermal-epidermal junction

54
Q

cup-shaped tumor w/ keratin debris in center

A

keratoacanthoma

grows rapidly, may regress spontaneously

55
Q

salicylate poisoning (early/late)

A

early - resp alkalosis bc stim of resp center

late - increased anion gap metab acidosis

USMLE Step 1 Random Facts (35 decks)

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