MSK Flashcards
C7 root lesion?
cervical disk lesion
axillary n. lesion?
1) fracture of SURGICAL neck
2) dislocation of humerus
3) intramuscular injections
lower trunk of brachial plexus lesion?
compressed by cervical rib
Pancoast tumor of lung
leads to Klumpke’s palsy
radial n. in spiral groove lesion?
MIDSHAFT fracture of humerus
radial n. lesion?
compression in AXILLA by crutches, back of chair, etc.
median n. lesion?
compressed by SUPRACONDYLAR fracture of humerus
pronator teres synd
compressed in CARPAL TUNNEL SYND
dislocated lunate
radial n. (deep branch) lesion?
stretched by SUBLUXATION of radius (“nursemaid’s elbow”)
ulnar n. lesion?
fracture of MEDIAL EPICONDYLE of humerus
fracture of HOOK OF HAMATE (Guyon’s canal)
anterior interosseous n. lesion?
compressed in deep forearm
axillary n. levels, motor, sensory?
C5-C6
m- deltoid (arm ABduction @ shoulder)
s - over deltoid muscle and lateral upper arm
radial n. levels, motor, sensory?
C5-T1
m- brachioradialis, Extensors of wrist/fingers, Supinator, Triceps (“BEST extensors”)
s- posterior arm (from post. cutaneous n. of arm), dorsal hand (from superficial branch of radial n.), THUMB
median n. levels, motor, sensory?
C5-C8, T1
m - opposition of thumb, lateral finger flexion, wrist flexion, pronation
s - dorsal/palmar aspects of lateral 3 1/2 fingers, thenar eminence
ulnar n. levels, motor, sensory?
C8, T1
m - medial finger flexion, wrist flexion, intrinsic hand muscles
s - medial 1 1/2 fingers, hypothenar eminence
musculocutaneous n. levels, motor, sensory?
C5-C7
m - biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis; flexion of arm @ elbow
s - lateral forearm
axillary n. injury sign?
atrophied deltoid
radial n. injury sign?
wrist drop
median n. injury sign?
“ape hand”
“Pope’s blessing”
ulnar n. injury sign?
RADIAL DEVIATION of wrist on wrist flexion
tight junctions (zonula occludens)
prevent paracellular movement of solutes
composed of claudins, occludins
**in brain
adherens junction (zonula adherans)
“belt” connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells w/ cadherins
loss of E-cadherin –> promotes matastasis
desmosome (macula adherens)
support via keratin
connect epith cells together
gap junction
connexons - permit electrical/chemical comm b/w cells
**abundant in MYOCYTES!
hemidesmosome
connect keratin in basal cells to underlying BM
contain integrins
integrins
membrane proteins that maintain integrity of BM by binding to laminin in BM
supraspinatus m.
abducts 10-15 degrees
>30 to 90 = deltoid
>90 = trapezius, serratus anterior
infraspinatus m.
lateral rotation
teres minor m.
adduction, lateral rotation
subscapularis m.
adduction, medial rotation
osteitis fibrosa cystica =
brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism
increased Ca, PTH, ALP
decreased phosphate
McCune Albright synd
multiple unilat bone lesions (fibrous dysplasia)
precocious puberty
cafe-au-lait spots
impt RF for osteoarthritis
age
In RA, inflamm causes arginine residues in proteins like vimentin to convert into?
citrulline
Sjogren’s increases risk of
B-cell lymphoma
Sjogren’s has Ab against what
ribonucleoprotein antigens
ankylosing spondylitis features?
ankylosis (stiff spine due to fusion of joints) - improves w/ exercise
uveitis
aortic regurg
polymyositis inflamm =
endomysial inflamm w/ CD8 T-cells
increased aldolase
dermatomyositis inflamm =
perimysial (perifascicular) inflamm + atrophy w/ CD4 T-cells
scale =
flaking off of STRATUM CORNEUM
hyperparakeratosis
retention of nuclei in stratum corneum
hyperkeratosis
increased thickness of stratum corneum
seen in psoriasis, actinic keratosis
parakeratosis
hyperkeratosis w/ retention of nuclei in stratum corneum
seen in psoriasis, actinic keratosis
acantholysis
separation of epidermal cells
seen in pemphigus vulgaris
acanthosis
epidermal hyperplasia (increased stratum SPINOSUM) seen in acanthosis nigracans
dermatitis
inflamm of skin
seen in atopic dermatitis
hypergranulosis
excessive granulation in stratum granulosum
seen in lichen planus
spongiosis
epidermal accum of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces
seen in eczematous/contact dermatitis
changes seen in psoriasis
increased stratum spinosum
decreased stratum granulosum
Lesler-Trelat sign
sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses
indicates underlying malig, usually colon cancer
dermatitis herpetiformis features
formation of MICROABSCESSES w/ fibrin + neutrophils @ dermal papillae tips
Ab against gliadin cross-react w/ RETICULIN (found in anchoring fibrils of epidermal BM)
erythema multiforme commonly ass w/ what infection
HSV
lichen planus commonly ass w/
HCV
pain out of proportion to findings seen in what 2 conditions
necrotizing fasciitis
ischemic colitis
SSSS vs. toxic epidermal necrolysis
SSSS - sloughing of stratum granulosum ONLY
TEN - destroys dermal-epidermal junction
cup-shaped tumor w/ keratin debris in center
keratoacanthoma
grows rapidly, may regress spontaneously
salicylate poisoning (early/late)
early - resp alkalosis bc stim of resp center
late - increased anion gap metab acidosis
