Neuro Flashcards
Hypothalamus (HTM) - area postrema does?
responds to emetics
HTM - OVLT functions?
senses changes in osmolarity
supraoptic nucleus secretes
ADH
paraventricular nucleus secretes
oxytocin
lateral area HTM does?
HUNGER; destruction –> anorexia
inhib by leptin
prod hypocretin-1, hypocretin-2 –> deficiency of = narcolepsy w/ cataplexy; function to promote wakefulness and inhibit REM sleep-related phenomena
ventromedial area HTM does?
SATIETY; destruction (craniopharyngioma) –> hyperphagia
stim by leptin
Anterior HTM does?
cooling, parasympathetic
posterior HTM does?
heating, sympathetic
suprachiasmatic nucleus does?
circadian rhythm
intracranial calcified cystic mass is probably?
craniopharyngioma
symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
urinary incontinence
ataxia
cognitive dysfunction
via distortion of corona radiata fibers
“wet, wacky, wobbly”
lateral –> 3rd ventricle via?
interventricular foramina of Monro
3rd –> 4th ventricle via?
cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
4th –> subarachnoid space via?
lateral - foramina of Lushka
medial - foramina of Magendie
drains to sup sagittal sinus
what is seen in stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius?
paralysis of upward gaze
MRI shows posterior globe flattening in?
pseudotumor cerebri
headache caused by nonmalig arterial HTN
occipital morning headaches
cluster headaches vs. trigeminal neuralgia?
cluster HA = >15 mins
TN = “electric pain”; <1min
what exits via cribriform plate
CN I
what exits via optic canal
CN II
ophthalmic artery
central retinal vein
what exits via superior orbital fissure
CN III, IV, V1 (ophthalmic), VI
ophthalmic vein
sympathetic fibers
what exits via foramen rotundum
CN V2 (maxillary)
what exits via foramen ovale
CN V3 (mandibular)
what exits via foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery
what exits via internal auditory meatus
CN VII, VIII
what exits via stylomastoid foramen
CN VII
what exits via jugular foramen
CN IX, X, XI
jugular vein
what exits via hypoglossal canal
CN XII
what exits via foramen magnum
spinal roots of CN XI
brain stem
vertebral arteries
CN nuclei are located where?
in tegmentum portion of brain stem (b/w dorsal/ventral portions)
lateral nuclei = sensory (alar plate)
medial nuclei - motor (basal plate)
midbrain contains what nuclei?
CN III, IV
pons contains what nuclei?
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
medulla contains what nuclei?
CN IX, X, XII
spinal cord contains what nuclei?
CN XI
nucleus solitarius responsible for (and CN)?
visceral sensory info (ex. taste, baroreceptors, gut distention)
CN VII, IX, X
nucleus ambiguus responsible for (and CN)?
motor innerv of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (ex. swallowing, palate elevation)
CN IX, X
dorsal motor nucleus responsible for (and CN)?
sends autonomic (parasymp) fibers to heart, lungs, upper GI
CN X
cavernous sinus contains?
CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI + postgang sympath fibers
cavernous portion of ICA
excitatory NT involved in pain
substance P
triad of Multiple sclerosis
scanning speech
intention tremors (incontinence, intranuclear ophthalmoplegia)
nystagmus
also, optic neuritis
triad of Kluver-Bucy synd
hyperorality
hypersexuality
disinhibited behavior
first area damaged by global cerebral ischemia
hippocampus
