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USMLE Step 1 Random Facts > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hypothalamus (HTM) - area postrema does?

A

responds to emetics

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2
Q

HTM - OVLT functions?

A

senses changes in osmolarity

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3
Q

supraoptic nucleus secretes

A

ADH

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4
Q

paraventricular nucleus secretes

A

oxytocin

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5
Q

lateral area HTM does?

A

HUNGER; destruction –> anorexia
inhib by leptin
prod hypocretin-1, hypocretin-2 –> deficiency of = narcolepsy w/ cataplexy; function to promote wakefulness and inhibit REM sleep-related phenomena

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6
Q

ventromedial area HTM does?

A

SATIETY; destruction (craniopharyngioma) –> hyperphagia

stim by leptin

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7
Q

Anterior HTM does?

A

cooling, parasympathetic

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8
Q

posterior HTM does?

A

heating, sympathetic

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9
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus does?

A

circadian rhythm

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10
Q

intracranial calcified cystic mass is probably?

A

craniopharyngioma

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11
Q

symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

urinary incontinence
ataxia
cognitive dysfunction

via distortion of corona radiata fibers

“wet, wacky, wobbly”

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12
Q

lateral –> 3rd ventricle via?

A

interventricular foramina of Monro

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13
Q

3rd –> 4th ventricle via?

A

cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

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14
Q

4th –> subarachnoid space via?

A

lateral - foramina of Lushka
medial - foramina of Magendie

drains to sup sagittal sinus

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15
Q

what is seen in stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius?

A

paralysis of upward gaze

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16
Q

MRI shows posterior globe flattening in?

A

pseudotumor cerebri

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17
Q

headache caused by nonmalig arterial HTN

A

occipital morning headaches

18
Q

cluster headaches vs. trigeminal neuralgia?

A

cluster HA = >15 mins

TN = “electric pain”; <1min

19
Q

what exits via cribriform plate

A

CN I

20
Q

what exits via optic canal

A

CN II
ophthalmic artery
central retinal vein

21
Q

what exits via superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, V1 (ophthalmic), VI
ophthalmic vein
sympathetic fibers

22
Q

what exits via foramen rotundum

A

CN V2 (maxillary)

23
Q

what exits via foramen ovale

A

CN V3 (mandibular)

24
Q

what exits via foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

25
Q

what exits via internal auditory meatus

A

CN VII, VIII

26
Q

what exits via stylomastoid foramen

A

CN VII

27
Q

what exits via jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI

jugular vein

28
Q

what exits via hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

29
Q

what exits via foramen magnum

A

spinal roots of CN XI
brain stem
vertebral arteries

30
Q

CN nuclei are located where?

A

in tegmentum portion of brain stem (b/w dorsal/ventral portions)

lateral nuclei = sensory (alar plate)
medial nuclei - motor (basal plate)

31
Q

midbrain contains what nuclei?

A

CN III, IV

32
Q

pons contains what nuclei?

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

33
Q

medulla contains what nuclei?

A

CN IX, X, XII

34
Q

spinal cord contains what nuclei?

A

CN XI

35
Q

nucleus solitarius responsible for (and CN)?

A

visceral sensory info (ex. taste, baroreceptors, gut distention)

CN VII, IX, X

36
Q

nucleus ambiguus responsible for (and CN)?

A

motor innerv of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (ex. swallowing, palate elevation)

CN IX, X

37
Q

dorsal motor nucleus responsible for (and CN)?

A

sends autonomic (parasymp) fibers to heart, lungs, upper GI

CN X

38
Q

cavernous sinus contains?

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI + postgang sympath fibers

cavernous portion of ICA

39
Q

excitatory NT involved in pain

A

substance P

40
Q

triad of Multiple sclerosis

A

scanning speech
intention tremors (incontinence, intranuclear ophthalmoplegia)
nystagmus

also, optic neuritis

41
Q

triad of Kluver-Bucy synd

A

hyperorality
hypersexuality
disinhibited behavior

42
Q

first area damaged by global cerebral ischemia

A

hippocampus

USMLE Step 1 Random Facts (35 decks)

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