Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

renal damage

Question 2

alkylating agents

Answer 2

absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

“A MEAN GUY hit the baby in the ear”

Question 4

carbamazepine

Answer 4

neural tube defects
craniofacial defects
fingernail hypoplasia
developmental delay
IUGR

Question 5

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

folate antagonists

Answer 6

neural tube defects

Question 7

lithium

Answer 7

ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized right heart - downward displacement of tricuspid valve)

Question 8

phenytoin

Answer 8

fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retardation

Question 9

tetracyclines

Answer 9

discolored teeth

Question 10

thalidomide

Answer 10

limb defects (“flipper” limbs)

“Limb defects with ‘tha-LIMB-domide’

Question 11

valproate

Answer 11

inhibition of maternal folate absorption –> NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

Question 12

warfarin

Answer 12

bone deformities
fetal hemorrhage
abortion
ophthalmologic abnormalities

“Do not wage WARFARe on the baby; keep it HEPpy w/ HEParin (does not cross placenta)”

Question 13

alcohol

Answer 13

leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation

fetal alcohol synd

Question 14

cocaine

Answer 14

abnormal fetal dev't and fetal addiction
placental abruption (vasoconstriction --> insuff blood flow to fetus --> spontaneous abortion, IUGR, prematurity)

Question 15

smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 15

preterm labor
placental problems
IUGR
ADHD

Question 16

iodide (lack or excess)

Answer 16

congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 17

maternal diabetes

Answer 17

caudal regression synd - born w/ agenesis of sacrum + occasionally lumbar spine (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
congenital heart defects (VSD, transposition of great vessels)
neural tube defects
renal agenesis

Question 18

vit A (excess)

Answer 18

extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities, craniofacial abnorm, post fossa CNS defects, abnorm of great vessels)

Question 19

x-rays

Answer 19

microcephaly

Mental retardation

Question 20

fluoroquinolones

Answer 20

cartilage damage

“fluoroquinolones hurt the bones”