Teratogens Flashcards
ACE inhibitors
renal damage
alkylating agents
absence of digits, multiple anomalies
aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
“A MEAN GUY hit the baby in the ear”
carbamazepine
neural tube defects craniofacial defects fingernail hypoplasia developmental delay IUGR
diethylstilbestrol (DES)
vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
congenital Mullerian anomalies
folate antagonists
neural tube defects
lithium
ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized right heart - downward displacement of tricuspid valve)
phenytoin
fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retardation
tetracyclines
discolored teeth
thalidomide
limb defects (“flipper” limbs)
“Limb defects with ‘tha-LIMB-domide’
valproate
inhibition of maternal folate absorption –> NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
warfarin
bone deformities
fetal hemorrhage
abortion
ophthalmologic abnormalities
“Do not wage WARFARe on the baby; keep it HEPpy w/ HEParin (does not cross placenta)”
alcohol
leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation
fetal alcohol synd
cocaine
abnormal fetal dev't and fetal addiction placental abruption (vasoconstriction --> insuff blood flow to fetus --> spontaneous abortion, IUGR, prematurity)
smoking (nicotine, CO)
preterm labor
placental problems
IUGR
ADHD
iodide (lack or excess)
congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
maternal diabetes
caudal regression synd - born w/ agenesis of sacrum + occasionally lumbar spine (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
congenital heart defects (VSD, transposition of great vessels)
neural tube defects
renal agenesis
vit A (excess)
extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities, craniofacial abnorm, post fossa CNS defects, abnorm of great vessels)
x-rays
microcephaly
Mental retardation
fluoroquinolones
cartilage damage
“fluoroquinolones hurt the bones”
