Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE Step 1 Random Facts > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

type I collagen

A 
most common (90%)
Bone
Skin
Tendon
dentin
fascia
cornea
late wound repair

defective in osteogenesis imperfecta

type I = bONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

type II collagen

A

Cartilage (including hyaline)
vitreous body
nuclear pulposus

type II = carTWOlage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

type III collagen

A

Reticulin - skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue

type III = defective in Ehlers-Danlos (threE D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

type IV collagen

A

basement membrane
basal lamina

type IV = under the FLOOR (BM)

defective in Alport synd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ApoA-I

A 
LCAT activation (cholesterol esterification)
only in HDL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ApoB-48

A

chylomicron assembly and secretion by intestine to lymphatics
found in chylomicrons + remnants of chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ApoB-100

A

LDL particle uptake by extrahepatic cells (BINDS LDL receptor)
found on VLDL, IDL, LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ApoC-II

A 
LPL activation (cofactor for)
found on chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ApoE3 & E4

A

VLDL and chylomicron remnant uptake by liver cells

found on all, EXCEPT LDL!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vimentin

A

CT;

sarcomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

desmin

A

muscle;

rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cytokeratin

A

epithelial cells;

carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GFAP

A

neuroglia (astrocytes, schwann cells, etc.);

astrocytomas, glioblastomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurofilaments

A

axons w/in neurons;

neuroblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

peripherin

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nuclear lamins (A,B,C)

A

nuclear envelope structural framework and DNA within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

elastin contains which AA?

A

proline + glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

enzymes that use B1 (thiamine) as cofactor

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
transketolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rate limiting step in purine synth

A

glutamine PRPP amidotransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rate-limiting step in pyrimidine synth

A

CPS-II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

needed to make pyrimidines

A 
carbomyl phosphate (from ATP, CO2, glutamine)
aspartate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

needed to make purines

A 
glycine
aspartate
glutamine
THF
CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

causes the positive charge of histones

A

lysine

arginine

24
Q

causes the negative charge of DNA

A

phosphate groups

25
Q

OTC deficiency vs orotic aciduria (Lab finding)?

A

OTC def - elevated serum ammonia

orotic aciduria - normal serum ammonia

26
Q

eukaryotic DNA polymerase making own primer

A

alpha

27
Q

eukaryotic DNA polymerase that replicates lagging strand

A

alpha

28
Q

eukaryotic DNA polymerase that builds leading strand

A

delta

29
Q

eukaryotic DNA polymerase that repairs DNA

A

beta

30
Q

eukaryotic DNA polymerase that replicates mitochondrial DNA

A

gamma

31
Q

prokaryotic DNA polymerase w/ 3’–>5’ exonuclease activity

A

DNA polymerase III

32
Q

function of 3’–>5’ exonuclease

A

proofread - removes/replaces mismatched nucleotides

33
Q

prokaryotic DNA polymerase w/ 5’–>3’ exonuclease activity?

A

DNA polymerase I

34
Q

function of 5’–>3’ exonuclease

A

degrades RNA primer and replaces it w/ DNA

35
Q

most abundant RNA

A

rRNA

36
Q

longest RNA

A

mRNA

37
Q

smallest RNA

A

tRNA

38
Q

what makes rRNA in eukaryotes

A

RNA polymerase I

39
Q

what makes mRNA in eukaryotes

A

RNA polymerase II

40
Q

what makes tRNA in eukaryotes

A

RNA polymerase III

41
Q

what provides the cap for mRNA

A

S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)

7-methylguanosine cap

42
Q

what is the polyadenylatin signal

A

AAUAAA

43
Q

irreversible enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis

A

pyruvate carboxylase
PEP carboxykinase
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (rate-limiting)
glucose-6-phosphatase

44
Q

rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis

A

PFK-1

45
Q

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex requires which 5 cofactors?

A 
pyrophosphate (B1, thiamine; TPP)
Lipoic acid - inhib by arsenic (see: garlic breath)
CoA (B5, pantothenate)
FAD (B2, riboflavin)
NAD (B3, niacin)

“Tender Loving Care (TLC) For Nobody”

46
Q

2 purely ketogenic AA

A

lysine

leucine

47
Q

possible products of pyruvate

A

alanine
acetyl CoA
lactate
oxaloacetate

48
Q

2 main nitrogen transporters in blood

A

alanine

glutamine

49
Q

tissues that use pentose phosphate pathway

A

lactating mammary glands
liver
adrenal cortex
RBCs

50
Q

BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin) cofactor in synth of what?

A

serotonin
tyrosine
dopa
NO

51
Q

4 functions of NADPH

A

1) synth FA and cholesterol
2) generate ROS
3) protect RBC from ROS damage
4) CYP450 enzymes

52
Q

3 substrates that can undergo substrate level phoshorylation to create high-energy products (ATP or GTP)

A
  • 1,3-BPG
  • PEP
  • succinyl-CoA (makes GTP)
53
Q

only step in glycolysis that makes NADH

A

glyceraldehyde-3-P –> 1,3-BPG

54
Q

highest energy compound of glycolysis

A

PEP

55
Q

in RBC, NADH needed to do what?

A

turn Met-Hb to Hb

56
Q

breakdown of malate yields?

A

increased NADPH –> increased FA synthesis

USMLE Step 1 Random Facts (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions