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USMLE Step 1 Random Facts > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Upper limb, lateral breast lymph drainage (LD)

A

Axillary

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2
Q

stomach LD

A

celiac

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3
Q

duodenum, jejunum LD

A

superior mesenteric

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4
Q

sigmoid colon LD

A

inferior mesenteric

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5
Q

rectum (lower portion) of anal canal (below pectinate line) LD

A

superficial inguinal

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6
Q

testes LD

A

para-aortic

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7
Q

scrotum LD

A

superficial inguinal

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8
Q

thigh (superficial) LD

A

superficial inguinal

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9
Q

lateral side of dorsum of foot LD

A

popliteal

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10
Q

HLA-A3

A

hemochromatosis

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11
Q

HLA-B27

A

PAIR: psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory Bowel Dz, Reiter’s synd

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12
Q

HLA-DQ2/DQ8

A

celiac dz

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13
Q

HLA-DR2

A

Multiple sclerosis, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture’s

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14
Q

HLA-DR3

A

type I DM, Grave’s dz

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15
Q

HLA-DR4

A

RA, type I DM

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16
Q

HLA-DR5

A

pernicious anemia –> B12 def, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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17
Q

polio (Sabin)

A

live attenuated vaccine

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18
Q

polio (Salk)

A

inactivated/killed vaccine

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19
Q

type II HST rxns in:

A

AIHA, pernicious anemia, ITP, erythroblastosis fetalis, acute hemolytic transfusion rxns, rheumatic fever, Goodpasture’s synd, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris

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20
Q

type III HST rxns in:

A

SLE, polyarteritis nodosa, post-strep glomerulonephritis, serum sickness, arthus rxn (eg. swelling/inflamm after tetanus vaccine), HST pneumonitis

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21
Q

type IV HST rxns in:

A

multiple sclerosis, guillain-barre synd, GVH dz, PPD, contact dermatitis

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22
Q

ANA

A

SLE, nonspecific

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23
Q

Anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith

A

SLE

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24
Q

Antihistone

A

drug-induced lupus

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25
Q

rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP

A

RA

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26
Q

Anticentromere

A

CREST synd

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27
Q

Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)

A

diffuse scleroderma

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28
Q

antimitochondrial

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

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29
Q

IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase

A

Celiac

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30
Q

Anti-basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s synd

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31
Q

anti-desmoglein

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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32
Q

type I HST rxns in:

A

bee sting/food/drug allergies, rhinitis, hay fever, eczema, hives, asthma

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33
Q

antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin

A

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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34
Q

Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2

A

polymyositis, dermatomyositis

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35
Q

Anti-SSA (anti-Ro), Anti-SSB (anti-La)

A

Sjogren’s synd

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36
Q

Anti-U1 RNP

A

mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)

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37
Q

anti-smooth muscle

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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38
Q

anti-glutamate decarboxylase

A

type I DM

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39
Q

c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA)

A

granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

40
Q

p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA)

A

microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss synd

41
Q

hyperacute rejection

A

type II

preformed anti-donor Ab in transplant recipient

42
Q

acute rejection

A

cell-mediated - CTLs against foreign MHCs
reversible w/ immunosuppressants
vasculitis w/ dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate

43
Q

chronic rejection

A

perceived by CTLs as class I MHC cells presenting a non-self antigen
irreversible
obliterative vascular fibrosis; fibrosis of graft tissue

44
Q

GVH disease

A

grafted T-cells prolif in immunocompromised host and reject cells w/ “foreign” antigen (severe organ dysfunction)
maculopapular rash, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, diarrhea
usually in bone marrow and liver transplants

45
Q

HLA-B8

A

Grave’s disease

46
Q

glans penis LD

A

deep inguinal

47
Q

cutaneous portion of posterior calf LD

A

deep inguinal

48
Q

cytokines secreted by macrophages

A 
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
IL-12
TNF-alpha
49
Q

cytokines secreted by all T-cells

A

IL-2

IL-3

50
Q

cytokines secreted by Th1 cells

A

IFN-gamma

51
Q

cytokines secreted by Th2 cells

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-10

52
Q

NK cells activated by what cytokines?

A

IL-2
IL-12
IFN-beta
IFN-alpha

53
Q

NK cell mostly induced to kill when

A

absence of MHC I on target cell

54
Q

NK cells secrete what cytokine

A

IFN-gamma

55
Q

surface markers of NK cells?

A

CD16 (binds constant region of Ab - Fc; ADCC killing)

CD56 (unique for this!!)

56
Q

activated regulatory T-cells produce what cytokines?

A

IL-10

TGF-beta

57
Q

T-cell markers?

A

CD3 (ass w/ TCR for signal transduction)
TCR (bind antigen-MHC complex)
CD28 (binds B7)

58
Q

Helper T-cell unique marker?

A

CD40 ligand

59
Q

B-cell markers?

A

IgM, IgD
CD19, CD20
CD21 (receptor for EBV)
CD40

60
Q

unique macrophage markers?

A

CD14

Fc and C3b receptors (enhanced phagocytosis)

61
Q

two impt opsonins

A

C3b, IgG

62
Q

classic pathway begins w/ what complement?

A

C1

63
Q

alternative pathway begins w/?

A

C3

64
Q

lectin pathway begins w/?

A

mannose-binding lectin

65
Q

IL-1

A

causes fever, acute inflamm

66
Q

IL-6

A

also secreted by Th2 cells

fever + prod of acute phase reactants

67
Q

IL-8

A

chemotactic for neutrophils

68
Q

IL-12

A

differentiation of T-cells into Th1 cells
activates NK cells
secreted by B-cells also

69
Q

TNF-alpha

A

septic shock!
leukocyte recruitment
vascular leakage
signals for apoptosis of tumor cells

70
Q

IL-2

A

growth of all T-cells
promotes growth of B-cells + activates NK-cells, monocytes
first IL produced by T-cells after contact w/ antigen

71
Q

IL-3

A

growth/diff of bone marrow stem cells

like GM-CSF

72
Q

IFN-gamma

A

activates macrophages and Th1 cells

suppresses Th2 cells

73
Q

IL-4

A 
growth of B-cells
diff into Th2 cells
class switch to IgE and IgG
74
Q

IL-5

A

diff of B-cells
class switch to IgA
growth/diff of eosinophils

75
Q

IL-10

A

modulate inflamm response
INHIBIT Th1 and macrophages
secreted by regulatory T-cells also
similar actions seen in TGF-beta!!!! (inhib inflamm)

76
Q

acute phase cytokines prod by macrophages

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-alpha

77
Q

cytokines promoting B-cell growth/diff?

A

IL-4, IL-5

IL-2

78
Q

cytokines promoting inflammation?

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-alpha

79
Q

cytokines released by virus-infected cells

A

IFN-alpha

IFN-beta

80
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency causes/CI uses?

A 
hereditary angioedema (increased bradykinin)
ACE inhib CI
81
Q

C3 deficiency causes?

A

recurrent pyogenic sinus/resp tract infection (S.pneumo, H.influenza especially)
increased suscept to type III HST rxns

82
Q

C5-C9 deficiencies (MAC complex) causes?

A

recurrent Neisseria bacteremia

83
Q

DAF (CD55) deficiency causes?

A

complement-med lysis of RBCs

PNH

84
Q

pts suscept to what organisms in chronic granulomatous dz?

A 
catalase +:
S.aureus
E.coli
Klebsiella
Aspergillus
Candida
P.cepacia
85
Q

medullary cords of LN contain?

A

lymphocytes/plasma cells

86
Q

medullary sinuses contain?

A

reticular cells/macrophages

87
Q

only APC that can activate a naive T-cell

A

dendritic cell

88
Q

regulatory T-cell express what markers?

A

CD3, CD4, CD25 (alpha chain of IL-2 receptor)

89
Q

in the classic pathway what 2 complement factors make up C3 convertase?

A

C2a + C4b

90
Q

what complement factor is added to make C5 convertase?

A

C3b

91
Q

MOA of superantigens

A

cross-link beta region of T-cell receptor to MHC class II on APCs

92
Q

MOA of endotoxins

A

DIRECTLY stim macrophages by binding receptor on CD14

93
Q

ataxia telangiectasia

A

triad:

  • cerebellar defects
  • spider angiomas
  • IgA deficiency

see: increased alpha-fetoprotein

94
Q

marker missing in Leukocyte Adhesion deficiency

A

LFA-1 integrin (CD18)

95
Q

tx for chronic granulomatous disease

A

IFN-gamma

USMLE Step 1 Random Facts (35 decks)

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