tRNAs, charging reaction, translation in detail -- Lecture 15 Flashcards
structure of a transfer RNA (tRNA):
tRNA molecules (what do they do)
carry amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein
structure of a transfer RNA (tRNA):
the anticodon associates w/ the codon thru ___
complementary base pairing
structure of a transfer RNA (tRNA):
parts of a tRNA
amino acid
acceptor stem
anticodon loop
anticodon
structure of a transfer RNA (tRNA):
charged tRNA (what is it)
a tRNA w/ an amino acid attached
how does the amino acid get attached to the tRNA to make it a charged tRNA?
thru the tRNA charging reaction
tRNA charging reaction:
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) enzymes bind to
an amino acid
an ATP
an ‘uncharged’ tRNA (not bound to an amino acid)
tRNA charging reaction:
using the ___, the amino acid is covalently bound to the tRNA ‘charged’
energy from ATP hydrolysis
tRNA charging reaction:
using the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the ___
amino acid is covalently bound to the tRNA ‘charged’
tRNA charging reaction:
there are ___ aaRS enzymes (one for each amino acid)
20
what are the phases of translation?
initiation
elongation
termination
phases of translation:
initiation (what happens)
assembly of the ribosome/mRNA/charged-tRNAs
phases of translation:
elongation (what happens)
starts at the ‘Start’ codon (methionine)
amino acids are added until the ‘Stop’ codon
phases of translation:
termination (what happens)
the new protein is released from the ribosome
the ribosome complex disassembles
prokaryotic initiation steps:
1) ___ in the small ribosomal subunit binds the ___ at the ___ (complementary rRNA/mRNA sequences)
rRNA
mRNA
5’ ribosome binding sequence
prokaryotic initiation steps:
2) the ___ binds to the ___ codon (AUG) (methionine)
initiator tRNA
start codon