DNA replication and repair -- Lecture 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

direction of DNA replication:

A

5’ –> 3’

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2
Q

DNA Pol III needs a ___ to attach a new nucleotide to

A

3’-OH

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3
Q

___ needs a 3’-OH to attach a new nucleotide to a new strand of DNA

A

DNA Pol III

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4
Q

is DNA Pol III able to add the first nucleotide in DNA replication?

A

NO

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5
Q

what begins the DNA replication?

A

primase

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6
Q

primase (what is it and what it does)

A

doesn’t have limitation that DNA Pol III has

a type of RNA polymerase

begins the DNA replication process

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7
Q

DNA replication:

new RNA nucleotides are added to leading strand ___ by primase

A

faster

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8
Q

DNA replication:

new RNA nucleotides are added to lagging strand ___ by primase

A

slower

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9
Q

how to remove the RNA?

A

DNA polymerase I removes and replaces the RNA nucleotides w/ DNA nucleotides

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10
Q

removal of RNA:

___ removes and replaces RNA nucleotides w/ DNA nucleotides

A

DNA polymerase I

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11
Q

DNA polymerase I ___ the RNA nucleotides w/ DNA nucleotides

A

removes and replaces

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12
Q

DNA Polymerase I removes and replaces the ___ w/ ___

A

RNA nucleotides w/ DNA nucleotides

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13
Q

RNA removal and nick repair:

“nicks”

A

missing phosphodiester bonds

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14
Q

RNA removal and nick repair:

missing phosphodiester bonds

A

nicks

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15
Q

RNA removal and nick repair:

DNA Pol I (does what)

A

1) removes the RNA nucleotides
2) replaces them w/ DNA nucleotides
3) can’t form the last phosphodiester bond, leaving a ‘nick’ in the DNA backbone

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16
Q

RNA removal and nick repair:

DNA Ligase (does what)

A

1) enzyme that restores the missing phosphodiester bonds that DNA Pol I leaves behind –> “nick repair”

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17
Q

RNA removal and nick repair:

Okazaki fragments

A

fragments of the duplications in the lagging strand that are being converted from RNA to DNA

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18
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

DNA polymerases are enzymes w/ high ___

A

processivity

19
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

___ are enzymes w/ high processivity

A

DNA polymerases

20
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

DNA polymerases are ___ w/ high processivity

A

enzymes

21
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

DNA polymerases can add ___ w/o falling off of the DNA (very stable)

A

thousands of nucleotides

22
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

DNA polymerases can add thousands of nucleotides w/o ___ (very stable)

A

falling off of the DNA

23
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

DNA polymerases can add thousands of nucleotides w/o falling off of the DNA (___)

A

very stable

24
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

___ can add thousands of nucleotides w/o falling off of the DNA (very stable)

A

DNA polymerases

25
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

why are DNA polymerases so stable?

A

a protein called “sliding clamp protein” stabilizes the interaction b/n DNA polymerases and the DNA

26
Q

DNA polymerase processivity:

“sliding clamp protein” (what does it do)

A

stabilizes the interaction b/n DNA polymerase and the DNA

27
Q

what happens when there is a mistake in DNA replication?

A

if DNA polymerase adds an incorrect nucleotide, it can replace it w/ the correct nucleotide

28
Q

what happens when there is a mistake in DNA replication?

if DNA polymerase adds an ___, it can replace it w/ the ___

A

incorrect nucleotide

correct nucleotide

29
Q

what happens when there is a mistake in DNA replication?

if ___ adds an incorrect nucleotide, it can replace it w/ the correct nucleotide

A

DNA polymerase

30
Q

what happens when there is a mistake in DNA replication?

DNA polymerase has a ___ function

A

proofreading function

31
Q

what happens when there is a mistake in DNA replication?

___ has a proofreading function

A

DNA polymerase

32
Q

DNA repair enzymes:

DNA repair enzymes ___ DNA damage

A

find and repair

33
Q

DNA repair enzymes:

___ find and replace DNA damage

A

DNA repair enzymes

34
Q

DNA repair enzymes:

DNA repair enzymes find and replace ___

A

DNA damage

35
Q

DNA repair enzymes:

excision repair enzymes ___ mismatches and DNA damage (e.g. thymidine dimers)

A

detect and repair

36
Q

DNA repair enzymes:

excision repair enzymes detect and repair ___ (e.g. thymidine dimers)

A

mismatches and DNA damage

37
Q

DNA repair enzymes:

___ detect and repair DNA damage (e.g. thymidine dimers)

A

excision repair enzymes

38
Q

DNA repair enzymes:

our DNA repairing enzymes are constantly at work repairing our DNA (true/false)

A

true

39
Q

deficiencies in DNA repair enzymes:

xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) – what is it

A

rare genetic disorder of DNA repair enzymes

40
Q

deficiencies in DNA repair enzymes:

in XP patients, excision repair enzymes have a significantly reduced ability to ___

A

repair DNA damage

41
Q

deficiencies in DNA repair enzymes:

in XP patients, excision repair enzymes have a ___ ability to repair DNA damage

A

significantly reduced

42
Q

deficiences in DNA repair enzymes:

Xeroderma pigmentosum leads to…

___% of patients die before 20

A

development of cancers frequently and at a young age

60%

43
Q

deficiencies in DNA repair enzymes:

ER enzymes are ___

A

critical for survival

44
Q

deficiencies in DNA repair enzymes:

___ are critical for survival

A

ER enzymes