Mendelian Genetics -- Lecture 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

genetics (definition)

A

study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

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2
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

founder of modern science of genetics

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3
Q

Mendel studied ___ in pea plants

A

inherited traits

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4
Q

Mendel studied inherited traits in ___

A

garden pea plants (possum sativum)

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5
Q

importance of Mendel:

ideas about inheritance before Mendel:

A

not quantitative

‘blending of inheritance’ (offspring’s traits are a blend of parents’ traits)

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6
Q

importance of Mendel:

Mendel took a ___ approach to studying inheritance

A

quantitative

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7
Q

importance of Mendel:

Mendel hypothesized a ___ –> genes

A

particulate unit of inheritance

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8
Q

importance of Mendel:

Mendel hypothesized a ‘particulate’ unit of inheritance –> ___

A

genes

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9
Q

important terminology:

gene (definition)

A

a portion of DNA, w/in a chromosome, that contains the information necessary to specify or influence a trait

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10
Q

important terminology:

polygenic (definition)

A

multiple genes may govern 1 trait

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11
Q

important terminology:

chromosome (definition)

A

a unit of DNA that contains many genes

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12
Q

important terminology:

locus of a gene (definition)

A

physical location (address) of a gene on a chromosome

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13
Q

important terminology:

remember diploids have ___ copies of each chromosome

A

2

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14
Q

important terminology:

remember ___ have 2 copies of each chromosome

A

diploids

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15
Q

important terminology:

so diploids have ___ copies of each gene

A

2

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16
Q

important terminology:

so ___ have 2 copies of each gene

A

diploids

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17
Q

important terminology:

there are ___ versions of each gene

A

different

18
Q

important terminology:

allele (definition)

A

each version of a gene

19
Q

important terminology:

if allele on each chromosome is the same

A

homozygous

20
Q

important terminology:

homozygous…

A

if allele on each chromosome is the same

21
Q

important terminology:

if allele on each chromosome is different

A

heterozygous

22
Q

important terminology:

heterozygous…

A

if allele on each chromosome is different

23
Q

important terminology:

an individual will be ___ for some alleles and ___ for others

A

homozygous

heterozygous

24
Q

important terminology:

genotype (definition)

A

particular set of alleles carried by an individual

25
Q

important terminology:

phenotype (definition)

A

physical trait resulting from a particular genotype

26
Q

important terminology:

different genotypes can have the ___ phenotype

A

same

27
Q

important experimental terminology:

true-breeding organisms (definition)

A

organisms that always show a particular phenotype in every generation

28
Q

important experimental terminology:

parental generation (P0)

A

parents in original cross

29
Q

important experimental terminology:

1st filial generation (F1)

A

offspring of parental generation

30
Q

important experimental terminology:

2nd filial generation (F2)

A

offspring of 1st filial generation

31
Q

important experimental terminology:

Mendel’s experiments used:

A

monohybrid crosses

dihybrid crosses

32
Q

important experimental terminology:

monohybrid crosses (what are they and example)

A

parents that are only different in 1 trait

ex. RR vs. rr

33
Q

important experimental terminology:

dihybrid crosses

A

parents that only are different in 2 traits

ex. RRYY vs. rryy

34
Q

example of 1-trait cross (monohybrid cross)

A

crossed true-breeding round pea plants w/ true-breeding wrinkled pea plants

35
Q

Mendel’s Law of Dominance

A

1 allele/phenotype is dominant over the recessive allele/phenotype

36
Q

dominant and recessive:

recessive phenotype

A

phenotype not observed in the F1 generation

37
Q

dominant and recessive:

dominant phenotype

A

phenotype that is observed in the F1 generation

38
Q

dominant and recessive:

dominant allele

A

allele that gives rise to the dominant phenotype

39
Q

dominant and recessive:

recessive allele

A

allele that gives rise to the recessive phenotype

40
Q

phenotypic ratio in F1 cross

A

3/4 : 1/4

3 : 1