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a BIO 111 > DNA structure, phases of DNA replication -- Lecture 5 > Flashcards

DNA structure, phases of DNA replication -- Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

nucleotides consist of:

A

5-C sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

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2
Q

the phosphate group is at the ___ end of the nucleotide

A

5’ end

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3
Q

the ___ is at the 5’ end of the nucleotide

A

phosphate group

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4
Q

the phosphate group is at the 5’ end of the ___

A

nucleotide

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5
Q

the OH is at the ___ of the nucleotide

A

3’

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6
Q

the ___ is at the 3’ end of the nucleotide

A

OH

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7
Q

the OH is at the 3’ end of the ___

A

nucleotide

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8
Q

if the OH is at the 2’ end of the nucleotide…

A

nucleotide is RNA

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9
Q

if the H is at the 2’ end of the nucleotide

A

nucleotide is DNA

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10
Q

phosphodiester bond formation:

DNA is only synthesized in the ___ direction by DNA polymerase enzymes

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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11
Q

phosphodiester bond formation:

DNA is only ___ in the 5’ to 3’ direction by DNA polymerase enzymes

A

synthesized

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12
Q

phosphodiester bond formation:

DNA is only synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction by ___

A

DNA polymerase enzymes

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13
Q

phosphodiester bond formation:

___ is only synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction by DNA polymerase enzymes

A

DNA

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14
Q

DNA structure:

DNA backbone is held together by covalent ___

A

phosphodiester bonds

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15
Q

DNA structure:

DNA backbone is held together by ___ phosphodiester bonds

A

covalent

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16
Q

DNA structure:

___ is held together by covalent phosphodiester bonds

A

DNA backbone

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17
Q

DNA structure:

nitrogenous bases of complimentary DNA strands are held together by ___

A

H-bonds

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18
Q

DNA structure:

1 complete turn of DNA has ___

A

10 base pairs

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19
Q

DNA structure:

the ___ has a free phosphate group attached to the 5’ carbon

A

5’ end

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20
Q

DNA structure:

the 5’ end has a ___ attached to the 5’ carbon

A

free phosphate group

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21
Q

DNA structure:

the 5’ end has a free phosphate group attached to the ___

A

5’ carbon

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22
Q

DNA structure:

the ___ has a free hydroxyl (-OH) group at the 3’-carbon

A

3’ end

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23
Q

DNA structure:

the 3’ end has a ___ at the 3’-carbon

A

free hydroxyl (-OH) group

24
Q

DNA structure:

the 3’ end has a free hydroxyl (-OH) group at the ___

A

3’-carbon

25
Q

DNA structure:

antiparallel

A

DNA strands are in opposite orientations

26
Q

phases of DNA replications:

DNA replication has 3 phases:

A

initiation

elongation

termination

27
Q

phases of DNA replications:

initiation (what is it)

A

starting of the process

bringing together all the necessary enzymes to replicate DNA

28
Q

phases of DNA replications:

elongation (what is it)

A

actual process of replicating the DNA

29
Q

phases of DNA replications:

termination (what is it)

A

make sure the process is appropriately stopped

30
Q

semiconservative DNA replication:

step 1:

A

old DNA strands are separated

H-bonds are broken

31
Q

semiconservative DNA replication:

step 2:

A

each old DNA strand is used as a template for a new DNA strand (Semiconservative Replication)

32
Q

semiconservative DNA replication:

step 3:

A

the new DNA molecules are 1/2 old strand and 1/2 new strand

33
Q

initiating DNA replication:

replication complex (RC) – what is it

A

large complex containing the enzymes needed to replicate DNA, interacts w/ the DNA

34
Q

initiating DNA replication:

where do RCs bind to the DNA to begin replication?

A

origin of replication

35
Q

initiating DNA replication:

origin of replication (ori) – what is it

A

sequences of DNA where replication begins

36
Q

initiating DNA replication:

why do eukaryotic chromosomes have thousands of oris?

A

eukaryotic chromosomes are very big

multiple oris allow for a much faster replication process

37
Q

chromosomes get copied beginning at several ori’s ___

A

simultaneously

38
Q

chromosomes get ___ beginning at several ori’s simultaneously

A

copied

39
Q

___ get copied beginning at several ori’s simultaneously

A

chromosomes

40
Q

chromosomes get copied beginning at several ori’s simultaneously:

replication complexes bind to ___

this forms

A

oris

replication bubbles as replication forks move out in opposite directions

41
Q

chromosomes get copied beginning at several ori’s simultaneously:

(steps)

A

replication complexes bind to the ori’s

DNA strands are separated

DNA replication proceeds bidirectionally

42
Q

direction of replication:

DNA strands are separated at replication forks by ___

A

helicase

43
Q

direction of replication:

DNA strands are ___ at replication forks by helicase

A

separated

44
Q

direction of replication:

DNA strands are separated at ___ by helicase

A

replication forks

45
Q

direction of replication:

___ are separated at replication forks by helicase

A

DNA strands

46
Q

direction of replication:

helicase (what does it do)

A

breaks the H-bonds b/n strands

47
Q

direction of replication:

on the ___: new DNA is synthesized continuously in the 5’ –> 3’ direction by DNA Pol III

A

leading strand

48
Q

direction of replication:

on the leading strand: new DNA is synthesized continuously in the ___ direction by DNA Pol III

A

5’ –> 3’

49
Q

direction of replication:

on the leading strand: new DNA is synthesized continuously in the 5’ –> 3’ direction by ___

A

DNA Pol III

50
Q

direction of replication:

on the leading strand: new DNA is ___ in the 5’ –> 3’ direction by DNA Pol III

A

synthesized continuously

51
Q

direction of replication:

on the lagging strand: new DNA is synthesized in discontinuous fragments in the 5’ –> 3’ direction (occurs more ___)

A

slowly

52
Q

direction of replication:

on the lagging strand: new DNA is synthesized in discontinuous fragments in the ___ direction (occurs more slowly)

A

5’ –> 3’

53
Q

direction of replication:

on the lagging strand: new DNA is synthesized in ___ in the 5’ –> 3’ direction (occurs more slowly)

A

discontinuous fragments

54
Q

direction of replication:

on the lagging strand: new DNA is ___ in discontinuous fragments in the 5’ –> 3’ direction (occurs more slowly)

A

synthesized

55
Q

direction of replication:

on the lagging strand: ___ is synthesized in discontinuous fragments in the 5’ –> 3’ direction (occurs more slowly)

A

new DNA

56
Q

direction of replication:

on the ___: new DNA is synthesized in discontinuous fragments in the 5’ –> 3’ direction (occurs more slowly)

A

lagging strand

a BIO 111 (32 decks)

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