Homeostasis, Immune System -- Lecture 25

Question 1

immune system (definition)

Answer 1

a system of organs, tissues, and cells that protect the body from pathogens and foreign substances

Question 2

how many major branches are there in the immune system?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

innate immune system is the ___ line of defense

Answer 3

first

Question 4

innate immune system ___ entry of pathogens

Answer 4

blocks

Question 5

innate immune system blocks entry of ___

Answer 5

pathogens

Question 6

innate immune system ___ pathogens that do enter the body

Answer 6

attacks

Question 7

innate immune system attacks ___ that do enter the body

Answer 7

pathogens

Question 8

innate immune system:

focus of attack is ___

Answer 8

general

Question 9

innate immune system:

activates ___ but is not adoptable

Answer 9

immediately

Question 10

innate immune system:

activates immediately but is not ___

Answer 10

adoptable

Question 11

components of innate immune system:

Answer 11

physical barriers
chemical barriers
cellular defenses

Question 12

components of innate immune system:

physical barriers (examples)

Answer 12

skin

epithelial cells that cover internal surfaces

Question 13

components of innate immune system:

chemical barriers (examples)

Answer 13

tears
mucous
stomach acid

Question 14

components of innate immune system:

cellular defenses (examples)

Answer 14

phagocytes

Question 15

cells of innate immune system:

immune cells in general are called ___ or white blood cells

Answer 15

leukocytes

Question 16

cells of innate immune system:

___ (___) are an example of leukocytes that are part of the innate immune system

Answer 16

phagocytes (cells that eat)

Question 17

cells of innate immune system:

phagocytes are capable of ___ pathogens and destroying them (___)

Answer 17

engulfing

phagocytosis

Question 18

cells of innate immune system:

phagocytosis (definition)

Answer 18

when phagocytes engulf pathogens and destroys them

Question 19

how do phagocytes know what to attack?

examples

Answer 19

phagocytes are pre-programmed to recognize some molecules on the surface of pathogens

Ex. proteins, sugars, etc.

Question 20

how do phagocytes know what to attack?

phagocytes recognize those substances using ___ (___)

Answer 20

pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Question 21

inflammatory response:

phagocytes are recruited to wounds and sites of infection by signaling molecules called ___

Answer 21

cytokines

Question 22

inflammatory response:

___ are recruited to wounds and sites of infection by signaling molecules called cytokines

Answer 22

phagocytes

Question 23

inflammatory response:

activation and recruitment of immune cells is called ___

Answer 23

inflammation

Question 24

inflammatory response:

inflammation (definition)

Answer 24

activation and recruitment of immune cells

Question 25

inflammatory response:

cytokines (definition)

Answer 25

signaling molecules that recruit phagocytes to wounds and sites of infection

Question 26

inflammatory response:

injured or infected cells release ___

Answer 26

cytokines

Question 27

inflammatory response:

___ or ___ cells release cytokines

Answer 27

injured or infected cells

Question 28

inflammatory response:

release of cytokines causes:

Answer 28

nearby blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable

Question 29

inflammatory response:

blood vessel dilation and increased blood vessel permeability causes:

Answer 29

increased blood flow

promotes phagocyte accumulation

Question 30

inflammatory response:

signs of inflammation:

Answer 30

redness, warmth, swelling (edema), pain

Question 31

2 major branches of the immune system:

Answer 31

innate immune system

adaptive immune system

Question 32

adaptive immune system:

adaptable (definition)

Answer 32

can attack new (previously unseen) pathogens (acquired immunity)

Question 33

adaptive immune system:

___ activation time (___)

Answer 33

slow

days

Question 34

adaptive immune system:

has a ___ (can be ___-term, ___-term, or ___-long)

Answer 34

memory

can be short-term, long-term, or life-long

Question 35

adaptive immune system:

focus of attack is ___

Answer 35

highly specific

Question 36

focus of adaptive attack:

1) adaptive immune response is activated by the detection of ___

Answer 36

non-self antigens

Question 37

focus of adaptive attack:

2) has the ability to distinguish ___ from ___

Answer 37

self-antigens from non-self antigens

Question 38

focus of adaptive attack:

3) able to recognize a ___ of non-self antigens

Answer 38

large diversity

Question 39

antigens and epitopes:

a non-self antigen is a ___

Answer 39

foreign molecule

Question 40

antigens and epitopes:

a non-self antigen can be a…

Answer 40

toxin
foreign body
molecule that’s on the surface of a pathogen

Question 41

antigens and epitopes:

the specific parts of an antigen that are the focus of an adaptive immune response are called ___

Answer 41

epitopes

Question 42

antigens and epitopes:

1 antigen can have ___

Answer 42

multiple epitopes

Question 43

antigens and epitopes:

epitopes (definition)

Answer 43

the specific parts of an antigen that are the focus of an adaptive immune response

Question 44

antigens and epitopes:

antigens are foreign molecules. Within structure of antigen are parts of structure that our body attacks, which are ___

Answer 44

epitopes