Homeostasis, Immune System -- Lecture 25 Flashcards
immune system (definition)
a system of organs, tissues, and cells that protect the body from pathogens and foreign substances
how many major branches are there in the immune system?
2
innate immune system is the ___ line of defense
first
innate immune system ___ entry of pathogens
blocks
innate immune system blocks entry of ___
pathogens
innate immune system ___ pathogens that do enter the body
attacks
innate immune system attacks ___ that do enter the body
pathogens
innate immune system:
focus of attack is ___
general
innate immune system:
activates ___ but is not adoptable
immediately
innate immune system:
activates immediately but is not ___
adoptable
components of innate immune system:
physical barriers
chemical barriers
cellular defenses
components of innate immune system:
physical barriers (examples)
skin
epithelial cells that cover internal surfaces
components of innate immune system:
chemical barriers (examples)
tears
mucous
stomach acid
components of innate immune system:
cellular defenses (examples)
phagocytes
cells of innate immune system:
immune cells in general are called ___ or white blood cells
leukocytes
cells of innate immune system:
___ (___) are an example of leukocytes that are part of the innate immune system
phagocytes (cells that eat)
cells of innate immune system:
phagocytes are capable of ___ pathogens and destroying them (___)
engulfing
phagocytosis
cells of innate immune system:
phagocytosis (definition)
when phagocytes engulf pathogens and destroys them
how do phagocytes know what to attack?
examples
phagocytes are pre-programmed to recognize some molecules on the surface of pathogens
Ex. proteins, sugars, etc.
how do phagocytes know what to attack?
phagocytes recognize those substances using ___ (___)
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
inflammatory response:
phagocytes are recruited to wounds and sites of infection by signaling molecules called ___
cytokines
inflammatory response:
___ are recruited to wounds and sites of infection by signaling molecules called cytokines
phagocytes
inflammatory response:
activation and recruitment of immune cells is called ___
inflammation
inflammatory response:
inflammation (definition)
activation and recruitment of immune cells
inflammatory response:
cytokines (definition)
signaling molecules that recruit phagocytes to wounds and sites of infection
inflammatory response:
injured or infected cells release ___
cytokines
inflammatory response:
___ or ___ cells release cytokines
injured or infected cells
inflammatory response:
release of cytokines causes:
nearby blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable
inflammatory response:
blood vessel dilation and increased blood vessel permeability causes:
increased blood flow
promotes phagocyte accumulation
inflammatory response:
signs of inflammation:
redness, warmth, swelling (edema), pain
2 major branches of the immune system:
innate immune system
adaptive immune system
adaptive immune system:
adaptable (definition)
can attack new (previously unseen) pathogens (acquired immunity)
adaptive immune system:
___ activation time (___)
slow
days
adaptive immune system:
has a ___ (can be ___-term, ___-term, or ___-long)
memory
can be short-term, long-term, or life-long
adaptive immune system:
focus of attack is ___
highly specific
focus of adaptive attack:
1) adaptive immune response is activated by the detection of ___
non-self antigens
focus of adaptive attack:
2) has the ability to distinguish ___ from ___
self-antigens from non-self antigens
focus of adaptive attack:
3) able to recognize a ___ of non-self antigens
large diversity
antigens and epitopes:
a non-self antigen is a ___
foreign molecule
antigens and epitopes:
a non-self antigen can be a…
toxin
foreign body
molecule that’s on the surface of a pathogen
antigens and epitopes:
the specific parts of an antigen that are the focus of an adaptive immune response are called ___
epitopes
antigens and epitopes:
1 antigen can have ___
multiple epitopes
antigens and epitopes:
epitopes (definition)
the specific parts of an antigen that are the focus of an adaptive immune response
antigens and epitopes:
antigens are foreign molecules. Within structure of antigen are parts of structure that our body attacks, which are ___
epitopes
