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a BIO 111 > Cell Division – Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Cell Division – Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cells are the basic unit of life:

what type of organisms are unicellular?

A

bacteria

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2
Q

cells are the basic unit of life:

what type of organisms are multicellular?

A

plants

animals

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3
Q

cells are the basic unit of life:

what type of organisms are unicellular or multicellular?

A

protists

fungi

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4
Q

cells are the basic unit of life:

cells have to ___

A

divide

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5
Q

cells are the basic unit of life:

___ have to divide

A

cells

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6
Q

what can happen if cell division is uncontrolled?

A

cancer

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7
Q

understanding the cell cycle is key to fighting ___

A

cancer

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8
Q

understanding the ___ is key to fighting cancer

A

cell cycle

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9
Q

studying the cell cycle also helps us understand:

A

infection
bacteria
fungi
parasites

development of zygote (1 cell) –> adult (10’s of trillions of cells)

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10
Q

cell division:

cell division is a key element of life that’s important for:

A

reproduction
growth
wound healing
replacing cells that die or are lost

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11
Q

cell division:

cell division requires 3 things:

A

1) replication of genetic material
2) segregation of genetic material
3) division of cytoplasm b/n 2 cells

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12
Q

cell division:

cell division needs to be controlled and responsive to ___

A

environmental conditions

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13
Q

cell division:

cell division needs to be ___ and responsive to environmental conditions

A

controlled

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14
Q

cell division:

cell division needs to be controlled and ___ to environmental conditions

A

responsive

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15
Q

cell division:

___ needs to be controlled and responsive to environmental conditions

A

cell division

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16
Q

contrasting prokaryote and eukaryotes cell division:

prokaryotes (type of organism)

A

bacteria

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17
Q

contrasting prokaryote and eukaryotes cell division:

prokaryote (characteristics)

A

small cell size
no nucleus
no membrane-bound organelles
circular chromosomes

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18
Q

contrasting prokaryote and eukaryotes cell division:

eukaryotes (type of organism)

A

plants
animals
protists
fungi

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19
Q

contrasting prokaryote and eukaryotes cell division:

eukaryotes (characteristics)

A

large cell size
nucleus present
membrane-bound organelles present
linear chromosomes

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20
Q

binary fission:

prokaryotes divide by ___

A

binary fission

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21
Q

binary fission:

___ divide by binary fission

A

prokaryotes

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22
Q

binary fission:

binary fission is a form of ___

A

aesexual reproduction

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23
Q

binary fission:

___ is a form of aesexual reproduction

A

binary fission

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24
Q

binary fission:

in binary fission, 1 cell divides into ___

A

2 cells (clones)

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25
Q

binary fission:

in binary fission, ___ divides into 2 cells (clones)

A

1 cell

26
Q

binary fission:

in ___, 1 cell divides into 2 cells (clones)

A

binary fission

27
Q

binary fission:

___ requires duplication and segregation of genetic material and division of the cytoplasm

A

binary fission

28
Q

binary fission:

binary fission requires ___ and segregation of genetic material and division of the cytoplasm

A

duplication

29
Q

binary fission:

binary fission requires duplication and ___ of genetic material and division of the cytoplasm

A

segregation

30
Q

binary fission:

binary fission requires duplication and segregation of ___ and division of the cytoplasm

A

genetic material

31
Q

binary fission:

binary fission requires duplication and segregation of genetic material and ___ of the cytoplasm

A

division

32
Q

binary fission:

binary fission requires duplication and segregation of genetic material and division of the ___

A

cytoplasm

33
Q

binary fission:

genetic material is contained in the ___

A

nucleoid

34
Q

binary fission:

nucleoid (definition)

A

non-membrane bound region of compacted DNA (also contains proteins)

35
Q

binary fission:

prokaryotes have less genetic material than ___

A

eukaryotes

36
Q

binary fission:

___ have less genetic material than eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes

37
Q

binary fission:

prokaryotes have less ___ than eukaryotes

A

genetic material

38
Q

binary fission:

prokaryotes have ___ genetic material than eukaryotes

A

less

39
Q

binary fission:

usually, a single circular chromosome has around ___ million bp

A

4 million

40
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

prokaryotic chromosomes are ___ than eukaryotic chromosomes.

However, they are still large

A

smaller

41
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

___ must be compacted to take up at least
1000 times less space in the cell

A

chromosomes

42
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

chromosomes must be compacted to take up at least ___ times less space in the cell

A

1000 times

43
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

chromosomes must be compacted to take up at least 1000 times less space in the ___

A

cell

44
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

the 1st level of DNA compaction: DNA is looped around ___ to form loop domains, which are further compacted into supercoils

A

SMC proteins

45
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

the 1st level of DNA compaction: DNA is looped around SMC proteins to form ___, which are further compacted to form supercoils

A

loop domains

46
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

the 1st level of DNA compaction: DNA is looped around SMC proteins to form loop domains, which are further compacted to form ___

A

supercoils

47
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

the ___ of DNA compaction: DNA is looped around SMC proteins to form loop domains, which are further compacted to form supercoils

A

1st level of DNA compaction

48
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

1st level of DNA compaction:

SMC proteins are ___

A

DNA binding proteins

49
Q

prokaryotic chromosome compaction:

1st level of DNA compaction:

___ are DNA binding proteins

A

SMC proteins

50
Q

binary fission:

3 things binary fission requires:

A

duplication of genetic material
segregation of genetic material
division of cytoplasm

51
Q

process of binary fission:

A

cell increases in size

circular bacterial chromosome is replicated

replication begins at the origin of replication and proceeds in both directions to the site of termination

new chromosomes separated and segregated to opposite ends of the cell

septation (dividing the cell in 2):

FtsZ proteins form a ring around the middle of the cell called a Septum

Septum beings to shrink and divide the cell

septum divides cell completely into 2 daughter cells

52
Q

binary fission:

septation (what is it)

A

part of binary fission

dividing the cell in 2

53
Q

binary fission:

cell increases in ___

A

size

54
Q

binary fission:

circular bacterial chromosome is ___

A

replicated

55
Q

binary fission:

replication begins at the ___ and proceeds in both directions to the ___

A

origin of replication

site of termination

56
Q

binary fission:

new chromosomes ___ and ___ to opposite ends of the cell

A

separated and segregated

57
Q

binary fission:

___ form a ring around the middle of the cell called a ___

A

FtsZ proteins form a ring around the middle of the cell called a Septum

58
Q

binary fission:

___ begins to shrink and divide the cell

A

Septum

59
Q

binary fission:

septum divides the cell completely into 2 ___

A

daughter cells

60
Q

binary fission:

___ divides the cell completely into 2 daughter cells

A

septum

a BIO 111 (32 decks)

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