Cell-Cell Signaling -- Lecture 18 Flashcards
parental conflict theory:
___ in sperm and egg favor opposing agendas
epigenetic patterns
parental conflict theory:
a ___ is critical to the offspring
balance
how cells communicate:
cells that are ___ put out ligands
talking
how cells communicate:
cells that are talking put out ___
ligands
how cells communicate:
ligands are ___
signaling molecules
how cells communicate:
___ are signaling molecules
ligands
how cells communicate:
cells that are listening have a ___
receptor
how cells communicate:
cells that are ___ have a receptor
listening
how cells communicate:
what is the receptor?
receptor is the part of the listening cell that the ligand attaches to
how cells communicate:
ligand/receptor complex
transduces a signal into the cell
signal transduction leads to a ___
cellular response
___ leads to a cellular response
signal transduction
signal transduction leads to a cellular response:
ligand/receptor complex ___ the signal into the cell
transduces (transmits)
signal transduction leads to a cellular response:
___ transduces (transmits) the signal into the cell
ligand/receptor complex
signal transduction leads to a cellular response:
some examples of types of cellular responses:
altered metabolism
altered gene expression
altered cell shape or motility
signal transduction leads to a cellular response:
the responding cell is called the ___
target cell
signal transduction leads to a cellular response:
the ___ is called the target cell
responding cell
target cells vs. non-target cells:
does every cell respond to every signal? Explain.
no; only cells w/ the proper receptor will respond to a particular ligand
target cells vs. non-target cells:
target cells have a ___ to receive a ___ to create a ___
receptor
ligand
response
target cells vs. non-target cells:
non-target cells don’t have a ___ to receive a ___, so they will have ___
no receptor
ligand
no response
categories of cell signaling:
there are ___ types of cell signaling
5
categories of cell signaling:
categories are based on:
the distance b/n the cells that are communicating
the type of cells that are communicating
categories of cell signaling:
autocrine signaling (what is it and examples)
cell signaling to itself
ex.
immune cells – can amplify their own response to infection and injuries
cancer cells – can stimulate their own growth and mobility
categories of cell signaling:
direct cell-to-cell contact can be found in 2 ways:
direct contact b/n surface ligand/surface receptor
direct transmission of ligands thru gap junctions b/n cells
categories of cell signaling:
direct cell-to-cell contact (examples)
cell-cell interactions play a role during embryonic development and wound healing
categories of cell signaling:
paracrine signaling (definition and example)
cells signaling to nearby cells
ex.
embryonic development – development of the spinal cord
categories of cell signaling:
endocrine signaling (definition and example)
systematic (organism wide) signaling via the circulatory system
ex.
hormones – released into the blood stream. Stimulate development and maintenance of the reproductive system
categories of cell signaling:
synaptic signaling (definition and example)
signal by a nerve cell thru a synapse to another nerve cell or a responding cell
ex.
neurotransmitters – signaling molecules sent from a nerve cell to another nerve cell or a responding cell (such as a muscle cell)
types of signaling molecules (ligands):
non-circulating ligands (examples)
membrane-bound ligands
ligands that pass thru gap junctions
types of signaling molecules (ligands):
circulating ligands (definition and components)
circulate thru the blood or other bodily fluids
non polar (hydrophobic) polar (hydrophilic ligands)
hydrophobic ligands:
example
hormones:
can diffuse across the plasma membrane
hydrophobic ligands bind to intracellular receptors
intracellular receptors transmit the signal
cell responds
hydrophilic ligands:
are ___ and cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane
polar
hydrophilic ligands:
are polar and ___
cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane
hydrophilic ligands:
must bind to ___ which have 3 protein domains
membrane bound receptors
hydrophilic ligands:
3 protein domains of membrane bound receptors
1) extracellular ligand binding domain (binds to ligand)
2) transmembrane domain (goes thru the plasma membrane)
3) intracellular signaling domain (transduces the signal)
pharmaceuticals:
many drugs ___ receptors
target (bind to)
pharmaceuticals:
many drugs target (bind to) ___
receptors
pharmaceuticals:
the drugs can be ___ or antagonists
agonists
pharmaceuticals:
the drugs can be agonists or ___
antagonists
pharmaceuticals:
agonists (do what?)
mimics the action of ligand (activates receptor)
pharmaceuticals:
antagonists (do what?)
bind to, but not activate a receptor
they block ligands from binding to the receptor
pharmaceuticals:
examples of an agonist
drugs that activate the opioid receptor
naloxone/narcan is an ___
opioid receptor antagonist
naloxone/narcan (what does it do)
outcompetes agonists for binding to the opioid receptor
blocks the effects of drugs such as heroine and other opioid receptor agonists
other medical uses for receptor antagonists:
antihistamines (what do they do)
block the activity of histamine receptors to lessen the immune response
other medical uses for receptor antagonists:
beta blockers (what do they do)
block some receptor sites for adrenaline to control blood pressure
other medical uses for receptor antagonists:
in cancer therapy (what do they do)
many cancer therapy drugs that block receptors important to cancer cell growth and metastasis
