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BDS2 BAMS > Trigeminal nerve 1 > Flashcards

Trigeminal nerve 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A

CN V

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2
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the cranial nerve?

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
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3
Q

What are the 2 most important branches of the trigeminal nerve for dentists?

A
  • Maxillary and mandibular
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4
Q

What is osteology?

A

The study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures

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5
Q

What are the 3 exit points of the trigeminal nerve through the anterior of the skull?

A
  • Supra-orbital notch (foramen)
  • Infra-orbital foramen
  • Mental foramen
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6
Q

What is a notch?

A

A semi-circular opening

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7
Q

Which branch and division of the trigeminal nerve will exit through the mental foramen?

A
  • The second branch of the third division
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8
Q

What is the osteology of the hard palate? (5 points)

A
  • Palatine process of maxilla
  • Horizontal palate of palatine bone
  • Incisal foramen
  • Greater palatine foramen
  • Lesser palatine foramen

(need to be able to identify these and know the processes of each bone)

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9
Q

What are the important features of the mandible that you need to be able to identify? (10 points)

A

(outside)

  • Condylar process
  • Ramus
  • Angle
  • Body
    (inside)
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Angle
  • Coronoid process
  • Mandibular foramen
  • Lingula
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10
Q

What is the mandible the site for?

A

Muscle attachments:

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11
Q

What is the foramina used for passage of?

A
  • Passage of neurovascular structures
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12
Q

Where are teeth located in the mandible?

A
  • In the alveolar processes
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13
Q

What is the coronoid process a site of attachment for?

A

Site of attachment for the temporalis muscle

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14
Q

Where in the mandible does the inferior alveolar nerve pass?

A

The mandibular foramen

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15
Q

What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory and motor

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16
Q

Where does the special visceral efferent part of CN V go from and to?

A
  • Goes from the motor nucleus in the pons to the muscles of mastication
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17
Q

Where does the general somatic afferent part of CN V go to?

A
  • Goes to the mesencephalic, chief sensory & spinal nuclei in the midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata
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18
Q

What type of nuclei are found in the midbrain?

A
  • Mesencephalic
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19
Q

What type of nuclei are found in the pons?

A

Chief

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20
Q

What type of nuclei are found in the medulla oblongata?

A
  • Spinal
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21
Q

Where is the motor nucleus found in the brainstem?

A

At the level of the pons (muscles of mastication)

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the mesencephalic nucleus in the brainstem?

A
  • Proprioception

- Tells you where the head is in the space

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the chief nucleus in the brainstem?

A
  • Important for discriminative touch
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24
Q

What is the purpose of the spinal nucleus in the brainstem?

A
  • For pain and temperature

- For structures supplied by CN V as well as general conscious sensation for the viscera supplied by CN IX & X

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25
Q

What is the first division of CN V?

A

Ophthalmic

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26
Q

What is the second division of CN V?

A
  • Maxillary
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27
Q

What is the third division of CN V?

A

Mandibular

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28
Q

Where does CN V1 exit the anterior of the skull?

A

The supraorbital notch/foramen

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29
Q

Where does CN V2 exit the anterior of the skull?

A

The infraorbital foramen

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30
Q

Where does CN V3 exit the anterior of the skull?

A
  • The mental foramen
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31
Q

When assessing the CN V, what must be assessed individually?

A
  • The separate divisions V1, V2 and V3 must be assessed separately
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32
Q

Which one of the divisions of CN V also contains the motor root for the muscles of mastication?

A
  • The mandibular division (V3)
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33
Q

Where does the 3 divisions of CN V supply general somatic sensation to the head? (5 points)

A
  • Face
  • Head
  • Associated orbital, nasal and oral cavities
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34
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

In Meckel’s cave

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35
Q

Where is Meckel’s cave located?

A
  • On the apex of the petrous temporal bone
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36
Q

What is Meckel’s cave?

A
  • A protective cave to hold the trigeminal ganglion
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37
Q

What is a ganglion?

A
  • All fibres of the trigeminal nerve are still together before they split into divisions
38
Q

Where do the nerve roots of CN V emerge from and where do they pass to?

A

Emerge from the mid-pons & pass forwards onto the ap ex of the petrous bone where the trigeminal ganglion lies in a cave of dura mata (Meckel’s cave)

39
Q

What does the CN V1 & V2 pass anteriorly to reach their routes of exit respectively?

A

Pass anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

40
Q

What does CN V3 pass through after splitting from the trigeminal ganglion?

A
  • Passes through the foramen ovale
41
Q

What does CN V2 pass through after splitting from the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Passes through the foramen rotundum

42
Q

What does CN V1 pass towards after splitting from the trigeminal ganglion?

A
  • The superior orbital fissure
43
Q

If all 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve are affected, where must the lesion be?

A
  • In the pons (stroke) or at the cranial base (i.e. trauma or tumour)
44
Q

What is the foramen rotundum?

A

An opening in the base of the human skull

45
Q

If the divisions of CN V are affected in the cavernous sinus, what is there usually evidence of?

A

Evidence of an effect on other nerves too (CN III & CN IV)

46
Q

CN V1 passes anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus to reach what?

A
  • The superior orbital fissure
47
Q

What are the 5 sensory branches of the ophthalmic division of CN V?

A
  • Lacrimal
  • Supratrochlear
  • Supra-orbital
  • Infratrochlear
  • External nasal
48
Q

What are the main branches of the ophthalmic division of CN V? (3 points)

A
  • Frontal
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasociliary
49
Q

Where does the sensory branches of the ophthalmic division of CN V supply? (4 points)

A
  • Scalp, eye, upper face, sinuses
50
Q

What is the trace of the frontal nerve? (what it splits into and where it goes)

A
  • Divides into supraorbital & supratrochlear

- Goes to skin of vertex & upper eyelid/forehead

51
Q

What is the trace of the lacrimal nerve? (what it splits into and where it goes)

A
  • Goes to lacrimal gland & skin of the lateral upper eyelid & forehead
52
Q

What are the branches of the nasociliary nerve? (4 points)

A
  • Anterior ethmoidal nerve (with posterior ethmoidal nerve behind it)
  • External nasal nerve (continuation of anterior ethmoidal nerve)
  • Infratrochlear nerve
  • Long ciliary nerves
53
Q

What is the trace of the nasociliary nerve? (what it splits into and where it goes)

A
  • Gives off long ciliary nerve(s), anterior & posterior ethmoidal nerves, before continuing as the Infratrochlear nerve to skin of medial upper eyelid & root of nose
54
Q

Where does the supratrochlear, supraorbital & lacrimal nerves supply? (3 points)

A
  • The vertex, forehead and upper eyelids
55
Q

The anterior ethmoidal nerve continues as the external nasal nerve to supply where?

A
  • The skin at the tip of the nose
56
Q

Where does the Infratrochlear nerve supply?

A
  • The skin at the medial angle of the eye & adjacent root of the nose
57
Q

The tip of the nose is supplied by the external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary branch of CN V1. Where else does the nasociliary nerve also supply?

A
  • Sensation to the cornea of the eye
58
Q

Which divisions of CN V can shingles affect?

A
  • Can affect any of the three divisions of CN V
59
Q

What can shingles at the tip of the nose be a warning sign of?

A
  • Warning sign that the disease will also develop on the cornea of the eye
  • If develop shingle in the eye may loose your eyesight
60
Q

Where does the ethmoidal nerve supply? (3 points)

A
  • The ethmoidal sinuses, lateral wall of the nasal cavity and & the nasal septum
61
Q

Which nerve is the closing of the eye mediated by?

A
  • The facial nerve (this is the motor part)
62
Q

CN V1 is the first limb of the corneal reflex. Which branch is involved in this?

A

The nasociliary nerve (first part which is sensory)

63
Q

CN V2 passes anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, what does it reach, via the foramen rotundum?

A
  • Reaches the pterygopalatine fossa
64
Q

Where is the foramen rotundum located?

A

Middle cranial fossa

65
Q

Where does the pterygopalatine fossa lie?

A

Lies just lateral to the upper aspect of the nasal cavity & nasopharynx behind the orbit & above the hard/soft palate

66
Q

Where is the sphenopalatine foramen located?

A

in the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa

67
Q

Where does the pterygopalatine fissure lead to?

A
  • Leads to the pterygopalatine fossa with sphenopalatine foramen medial to this fossa
68
Q

Where can you only identify the foramen rotundum from?

A

From the inside of the skull

69
Q

What are the 3 sensory branches of the maxillary division of CN V?

A
  • Zygomatico-temporal
  • Zygomatico-facial
  • Infra-orbital
70
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the maxillary division of CN V?

A
  • Zygomatic

- Infra-orbital

71
Q

Where does the maxillary division of CN V supply sensation to? (3 points)

A
  • Nasopalatine to nasal cavity
  • Greater and lesser palatine to palate
  • Alveolar to upper teeth
72
Q

What does CN V2 divide into?

A
  • Divides into zygomatic & infraorbital branches into the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure that then emerge through bony foramina to supply the skin
73
Q

Where does the CN V2 supply? (6 points)

A

The nasal cavity, nasopharynx, maxillary sinus, hard & soft palate, upper teeth and gums

74
Q

Where does the infraorbital nerve emerge from and what does it supply? (5 points)

A

Emerges from the infraorbital foramen to supply the lower eyelid, cheek, nose & upper lip

75
Q

Which division of CN V does the nasopalatine nerve come from?

A

The maxillary division

76
Q

What is the trace of the nasopalatine nerve?

A
  • Enters the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen to reach the nasal septum from where it courses inferiorly & passes via the incisive canal to reach the anterior hard palate
77
Q

What are the 3 branches of the alveolar nerve?

A
  • Anterior superior alveolar
  • Middle superior alveolar
  • Posterior superior alveolar
78
Q

Where do the anterior and middle superior alveolar branches come from?

A
  • The infraorbital branch of the alveolar nerve
79
Q

Where does the posterior superior alveolar branch come from?

A
  • Comes out from the maxillary division into the pterygopalatine fossa
80
Q

What are the 2 branches of the palatine nerve?

A
  • Greater and lesser palatine nerves
81
Q

The palatine branches are in the palatine canal, where is this?

A

On the lateral nasal wall

82
Q

Where does the palatine nerve exit through?

A

Exits through the greater and lesser palatine foramen

83
Q

Which nerve supplies to the upper anterior teeth?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve (from V2)

84
Q

Which nerve supplies the upper premolar teeth?

A
  • Middle superior alveolar nerve (V2)
85
Q

Which nerve supplies the upper molar teeth?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (from V2)

86
Q

Which nerve supplies the labial side of the gingivae at the anterior teeth on the upper palate?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve (from V2)

87
Q

Which nerve supplies the palatal side of the gingivae at the anterior teeth on the upper palate?

A

Nasopalatine nerve (from V2)

88
Q

Which nerve supplies the buccal side of the gingivae at the premolar teeth on the upper palate?

A
  • Middle superior alveolar nerve (from V2)
89
Q

Which nerve supplies the palatal side of the gingivae at the premolar teeth on the upper palate?

A
  • Greater palatine nerve
90
Q

Which nerve supplies the buccal side of the gingivae at the molar teeth on the upper palate?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (from V2)

91
Q

Which nerve supplies the palatal side of the gingivae at the molar teeth on the upper palate?

A

The greater palatine nerve

92
Q

Which nerves innervate the palate? (3 points)

A
  • Nasopalatine nerve
  • Greater palatine nerve
  • Lesser palatine nerve

BDS2 BAMS (57 decks)

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