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BDS2 BAMS > Coeliac disease and bowel cancer > Flashcards

Coeliac disease and bowel cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are common malabsorption diseases? (3 points)

A
  • Pernicious anaemia
  • Coeliac disease
  • Crohn’s disease
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2
Q

What are common GI diseases in the large bowel? (4 points)

A

Inflammatory bowel disease:

  • Crohn’s disease
  • Ulcerative Colitis

Colonic Ca

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3
Q

What is meant by malabsorption?

A
  • Issues stopping you from absorbing things altogether
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4
Q

What is pernicious anaemia?

A
  • When the body can’t make enough healthy RBC’s because it lacks Vit B12
  • The reason this happens is often due to the lack of stomach protein called ‘intrinsic factor’. Your body can’t absorb B12 without it
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5
Q

What is Coeliac disease?

A
  • Common digestive condition where the small intestine becomes inflamed and unable to absorb nutrients
  • It is caused by an adverse reaction to gluten
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6
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A
  • A life-long condition in which part of the digestive system becomes inflammed
  • Can be anywhere from mouth to anus
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7
Q

Can infections and tumours cause malabsorption issues?

A
  • Yes
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8
Q

Which bit of gluten are people with Coeliac disease sensitive to?

A
  • Sensitive to alpha-gliaden component of gluten
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9
Q

What is the true prevalence of Coeliac disease?

A
  • 1 in 300
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10
Q

Give 6 examples of foods in which gluten can be found?

A
  • Wheat
  • Barley
  • Spelt
  • Rye
  • Kamut
  • Oats (usually contained with gluten grains)
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11
Q

What is the aetiology of coeliac disease? (3 points)

A
  • Genetic - DQw2
  • T lymphocytes
  • Villous atrophy
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12
Q

What does enteropathy mean?

A

A disease of the intestine

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13
Q

What percentage of people with Coeliac disease show clinical effect and what can these be? (3 points)

A
  • 30-40%

- Growth failure & oral ulceration

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14
Q

What is meant if someone with coeliac disease has a subclinical disease?

A
  • No effects seen

- Have disease process but don’t have any symptoms but they will be malabsorbing

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15
Q

What are classic symptoms of Coeliac disease? (8 points)

A
  • Weight loss
  • Lassitude
  • Weakness
  • Abdominal pain/swelling
  • Diarrhoea
  • Aphthae/Glossitis
  • Steatorrhoea
  • Dysphasia
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16
Q

What is lassitude?

A
  • Lack of energy
17
Q

What is Aphthae?

A
  • Small ulcer found in groups in the mouth
18
Q

What is glossitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the tongue
19
Q

What is steatorrhoea?

A
  • Excretion of abnormal quantities of fat within the faeces
20
Q

In coeliac disease, What can you things can you have malabsorption issues with? (4 points)

A
  • Iron
  • Folate
  • Vitamin B12
  • Fat
21
Q

What investigations can be used to detect Coeliac disease? (4 points)

A

Jejunal biopsy (most important)

  • Capsule
  • Endoscope

Faecal fat

Haematinics

Autoantibodies

  • Serum Transglutaminase (antibody test)
  • Anti-gliadin/anti-endomyseal antibodies
22
Q

Where in the small intestine does most of the absorption occur?

A
  • Jejunum and ileum
23
Q

How can a gluten free diet help with someone with Coeliac disease? (3 points)

A
  • Reversal of jejunal atrophy
  • Improved well-being
  • Reduced risk of lymphoma
24
Q

Coeliac disease is associated with Dermatitis Herpetiformis. What is this?

A
  • associated skin conditions (can be oral disease)

- Little skin blisters (granular IgA deposit in skin and mucsa) - in response to gluten

25
Q

What is a very common form of bowel carcinoma?

A
  • Colorectal adenocarcinoma
26
Q

What is the second most common malignancy in the western world?

A
  • Colonic carcinoma
27
Q

What are common symptoms of colonic carcinomas? (3 points)

A
  • None
  • Anaemia
  • Rectal blood loss
28
Q

What are the different ways for screening for a colonic carcinoma? (5 points)

A
  • FOB
  • Barium enema
  • Endoscopy
  • CT/MRI scan
  • Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
29
Q

What would happen if an adult went for an FOB to test for co lonic carcinomas and the test came back negative?

A
  • Would have a 5 year repeat
30
Q

What would happen if an adult went for an FOB to test for colonic carcinomas and the test came back positive?

A
  • Would get and endoscopy
31
Q

Most carcinomas arise in polyps. What is a polyp? (4 points)

A
  • A small abnormal tissue growth
  • May be pedunculated or flat
  • Most will bleed due to irritation and trauma
  • Most take 5 years to progress to malignancy
32
Q

What are the causes of colonic carcinomas? (7 points)

A
  • Diet ( less fibre, more fat, more meat, less veg)
  • Increased smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Less exercise
  • Genetics (P53 in 75 %)
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Intestinal polyps
33
Q

What is Peutz-Jehgers Syndrome?

A
  • Hereditary cancer syndrome identified by the presence of GI polyps and altered pigmentation of certain skin and mucosal surfaces
  • Polyps are often found in the small intestine
34
Q

What is Gardiner’s syndrome?

A
  • Inherited disease characterised by GI polyps, multiple osteomas and skin and soft tissue tumours
35
Q

What is Cowden’s syndrome?

A
  • Autosomal genetic condition characterised by multiple benign tumour growths in the skin and mucous membranes
36
Q

Which classification system do you use to determine the stage of bowel cancer?

A
  • Dukes’ classification
37
Q

What are the 4 stages of dukes’ classification in determining the stage of bowel cancer?

A

A - Submucosal

B - Muscularis

C - Lymph nodes

D - Liver

38
Q

What are the possible treatments of colonic carcinomas? (4 points)

A
  • Surgery (to get rid of lesion)
  • Hepatic metastases
  • Radiotherapy
  • Chemotherapy

BDS2 BAMS (57 decks)

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