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BDS2 BAMS > Oral function muscles > Flashcards

Oral function muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 essential muscles for mastication (mandibular muscles)?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Medial pterygoid
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2
Q

What is the ‘origin’ of the masseter muscle?

A
  • The zygomatic arch
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3
Q

What is the ‘insertion’ of the masseter muscle?

A
  • The lateral surface and angle of the mandible
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4
Q

What is the ‘action’ of the masseter muscle?

A
  • Elevates the mandible
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5
Q

How would you examine the masseter muscle?

A
  • Place one finger intra-orally and the other on the cheek
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6
Q

In which patients would the masseter muscle be tender?

A
  • In patients who have a clenching habit
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7
Q

What is the ‘origin’ of the temporalis muscle?

A
  • The floor of the temporal fossa
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8
Q

What is the ‘insertion’ of the temporalis muscle?

A
  • The coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus
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9
Q

What is the ‘action’ of the temporalis muscle?

A
  • Elevates and retracts the mandible
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10
Q

In which type of patient will the temporalis muscle be tender?

A
  • Patients who have a Bruxism habit
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11
Q

How would you examine the temporalis muscle?

A
  • Palpate its origin by asking the patient to clench the teeth together
  • Digital palpation is performed between the superior and inferior temporal lines just above the ear, extending forwards towards the supra-orbital region
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12
Q

What is the ‘origin’ of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A
  • From the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
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13
Q

What is the ‘insertion’ of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A
  • Anterior border of the condyle and intra-articular disc via two independent heads
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14
Q

What is the ‘function’ of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A
  • Protrudes and laterally deviates the mandible and the inferior head functions with the mandibular depressors during opening
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15
Q

Where does the inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid attach to?

A
  • The head of the condyle
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16
Q

Where does the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid insert into?

A
  • The intra-articular disc
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17
Q

If someone has a clicking TMJ. Which muscle has been affected?

A
  • Spasm of the lateral pterygoid which pulls on joint
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18
Q

Can you examine the lateral pterygoid muscle by manual palpation?

A
  • No
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19
Q

How would you examine the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A
  • Best examined by recording its response to resisted movement
  • There is a good correlation between the resisted movement test and the muscle being tender to palpation
20
Q

What is the ‘origin’ of the medial pterygoid?

A
  • Deep head; medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

- Superficial head: tuberosity of maxilla

21
Q

What is the ‘insertion’ of the medial pterygoid?

A
  • Medial surface of the angle of the mandible
22
Q

What is the ‘action’ of the medial pterygoid?

A
  • Elevates and assist in protrusion of the mandible
23
Q

Is the medial pterygoid muscle able to be manually palpated?

A
  • No, because of the location of the medial pterygoid, on the inside of the jaw, this muscle in not available for palpation
24
Q

Can the medial pterygoid muscle be examined by resisted movement tests?

A
  • No, it does not respond well to these
25
Q

Hoe can we examine the medial pterygoid muscle?

A
  • Unfortunately there is no reliable way of examining this muscle
26
Q

Following an La injection, your patient was unable to open their mouth fully the following day. Which muscle was accidently hit by your needle?

A
  • The medial pterygoid muscle
27
Q

Hitting the medial pterygoid muscle accidently when giving an ID block might cause ‘trismus’. What does this mean?

A
  • Inability to open mouth as wide as should be able to

- Limited mouth opening

28
Q

What are the 2 movements of the TMJ?

A
  • Rotation - initial movement

- Translation - Wider opening

29
Q

What kind of movement is the ‘rotation - initial opening’ of the TMJ?

A
  • A hinge movement
30
Q

The translation movement of the TMJ causes a wider opening on the mouth. These can be protrusive or retrusive movements. How does this occur?

A
  • As the mandible moves during protrusion, both condyles leave their fossae and move forward along the articular eminences
  • When the mandible retrudes, both condyles leave the eminences and move back into their respective fossae
31
Q

What is the name for the chart that represents the border movements of the jaw?

A
  • Posselt’s envelope
32
Q

What are the general maximum biting forces of molars?

A

200-700N

33
Q

What is an example of a psychological factor in relation to max biting forces?

A
  • Fear of tooth fracture when maximum forces are used

- This could limit the max biting force recorded

34
Q

In relation to muscle mass, how does this affect the max biting force of an individual?

A
  • Bigger muscles leads to larger forces
35
Q

What is an example of a parafunction in relation to max biting forces and muscle mass of the jaw?

A
  • Bruxism
36
Q

What are the characteristics of Type I muscle fibres? (2 points)

A
  • Slow, low forces
37
Q

What are the characteristics of Type II muscle fibres? (2 points)

A
  • Fast, strong forces
38
Q

What are different sub-types of type 2 muscle fibres? (3 points)

A
  • IIA, IIX, IIB

- Predominant fibre type varies, depending on the jaw morphology and diet

39
Q

What is there evidence of with people who have square jaws?

A
  • Tend to have more Type II fibres and can generate stronger biting forces
40
Q

Why ate anterior teeth weaker than posterior teeth? (3 points)

A
  • Smaller surface area of root
  • Posterior are nearer the centre of the force
  • Occlusal surface is larger
41
Q

Which teeth generate the greatest biting forces between them and why?

A
  • 1st molars
  • Position relative to TMJ and muscles (molars are nearer the force generating muscles and the fulcrum)
  • Root area large (PDL support)
42
Q

The Suprahyoid and the Infrahyoid muscles are also muscles involved in mastication. What do they do?

A
  • Stabalise the hyoid bone
43
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Digastric*
  • Mylohyoid*
  • Geniohyoid*
  • Stylohyoid
  • When the hyoid bone is fixes, by the contraction of the infrahyoid’s, the starred muscles act as jaw depressors
44
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid (‘strap’) muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
45
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue alter the shape of the tongue. What are the names of the intrinsic tongue muscles? (3 points)

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Vertical
  • Transverse
46
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the tongue alter the shape and position of the tongue. What are the names of the extrinsic tongue muscles? (4 points)

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Palatoglossus
  • Styloglossus
47
Q

Which 2 facial muscles help to control the food bolus and prevent spillage out of the mouth?

A
  • Orbicularis oris

- Buccinator

BDS2 BAMS (57 decks)

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