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BDS2 BAMS > Periodontal tissue > Flashcards

Periodontal tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the periodontium? (the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth) (3 points)

A
  • Retain tooth in socket
  • Resist masticatory loads
  • Defensive barrier, protecting tissues against threats from the orl environment
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2
Q

What is junctional epithelium?

A
  • The physical barrier separating the body tissues from the oral environment
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3
Q

What are the 2 classifications periodontal diseases can be broadly divided into?

A
  • Diseases of the gingiva alone

- Diseases of all periodontal tissues

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4
Q

What are false pockets?

A
  • Gingival swelling
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5
Q

What are true pockets?

A

Loss of attachment of the periodontium

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6
Q

Which type of cementum is formed first? (primary cementum)

A
  • Acellular cementum
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7
Q

Where is acellular cementum usually found?

A
  • Adjacent to dentine
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8
Q

What type of cell lays down cementum?

A

Cementocytes (can use term cementoblasts but cementocytes preferred - cementocytes are inside the cell whereas cementoblasts are outside the cell)

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of cementum?

A
  • Cellular cementum

- Acellular cementum

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10
Q

What does cementum provide attachment for?

A
  • Some periodontal fibres
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11
Q

Does cellular, intrinsic fibre cementum play a role in tooth attachment?

A

No

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12
Q

Which type of cementum is equivalent to secondary cellular cementum?

A

Cellular, intrinsic fibre cementum

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13
Q

Does cellular, intrinsic fibre cementum contain Sharpey’s fibres?

A

No

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14
Q

What type of fibre does acellular extrinsic fibre cementum contain?

A

Collagen fibres from PDL (Sharpey’s fibres)

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15
Q

Where is acellular extrinsic fibre cementum found?

A

Present on cervical 2/3 of roots

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16
Q

What alternative classification of cementum is equivalent to acellular cementum?

A

Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum

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17
Q

Where is cellular cementum located?

A
  • Present in the apical part of the root and in furcation regions
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18
Q

Which type of cementum is later formed? (secondary cementum)

A
  • Cellular cementum
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19
Q

Which type of cell is found in cellular cementum?

A
  • Cementocytes
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20
Q

In what way is cementum very similar in structure to bone? (2 points)

A
  • Collagen matrix

- Lamellar arrangement

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21
Q

What does cementum cover?

A

Root Dentine

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22
Q

Which part of the alveolar bone forms the inner lining of the tooth socket?

A
  • The ‘cortical’ plate
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23
Q

What is a nutrient foramen?

A

A small tunnel through the cortex of the bone containing a nutrient artery which supplies the bone

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24
Q

What is the lamina dura?

A
  • A layer of the alveolar bone that is thin and particularly compact and appears as a line on dental x-rays
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25
Q

When teeth are lost, the alveolar process is resorbed, what does this leave?

A
  • A residual ridge
26
Q

The periodontal ligament is a connective tissue. What are the 5 things it contains?

A
  • Cells
  • Extracellular matrix
  • Fibres
  • Nerves
  • Blood vessels
27
Q

What is contained within the matrix of the PDL?

A
  • Hyaluronate GAG’s
  • Glycoproteins (fibronectin)
  • Proteoglycans (proteodermatan sulphate, ch ondroitin/dermatan SO4 hybrid)
28
Q

What is the property of the matrix of the PDL?

A

Behaves as a viscoelastic gel

29
Q

What are the cells of the PDL? (5 points)

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Cementoblasts
  • Osteoclasts and Cementoclasts
  • Epithelial cells (cell rests of Malassez)
  • Defence cells
30
Q

What are the cell rests if Malassez?

A

Epithelial cells in the PDL derived from Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. They can proliferate in the presence of inflammation, possibly leading to cyst formation

31
Q

What 2 types of mechanoreceptors are found in the PDL?

A

A-beta and A-delta fibres

32
Q

What is the function of mechanoreceptors in the PDL?

A

Proprioception - controls chewing

33
Q

What 2 types of nociceptors are found in the PDL?

A

A-delta fibres and C fibres

34
Q

What are the functions of nociceptors in the PDL? (2 points)

A
  • Protective reflexes

- inhibit jaw elevator motor neurons

35
Q

What is the function of autonomic nerves in the PDL?

A
  • For blood vessel control (vasoconstriction)
36
Q

Which arteries supply the PDL?

A
  • Inferior and superior alveolar arteries - from the alveolar bone
37
Q

What is the name of the inner alveolar bone and what does it contain?

A
  • Inner Cancellous bone

- Contains marrow

38
Q

Which arteries supply the gingivae?

A

Lingual and palatine arteries

39
Q

What is meant by ‘true’ periodontal ligament?

A
  • Fibres connecting tooth to bone at or apical to the alveolar crest
40
Q

What is ‘gingival’ PDL?

A
  • Fibres mainly above the alveolar crest, including ‘free gingival’ fibres

(the free gingival fibres arise from the surface of the cementum in the cervical region and pass into the free gingiva)

41
Q

In between each group of PDL fibres is a space termed the interstitial space which is not actually a space. What does the intersti t ial space contain that maintains the vitality? (3 points)

A
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
  • Lymphatics
42
Q

What type of force does the PDL transmit to the alveolar bone?

A

Biting forces

43
Q

What is the width of PDL?

A

Approx. 0.2mm

44
Q

What types of collagen fibres are present in the PDL? (2 points)

A

Types I and III

45
Q

What is the function of collagen fibres in the PDL?

A
  • supports tooth; load bearing
46
Q

What are the 3 types of fibre in the PDL?

A
  • Collagen
  • Oxytalan
  • Elastic
47
Q

Are oxytalan fibres present in human PDL?

A

Yes

48
Q

What is the function of oxytalan fibres in the PDL?

A

Function is uncertain

49
Q

Are elastic fibres present in human PDL?

A

No

50
Q

What are the different PDL fibre groups in the alveolo-dental ligament? (5 points)

A
  • Alveolar crest
  • Horizontal
  • Oblique
  • Apical
  • Interradicular (multi-rooted teeth)
51
Q

What is the PDL fibre group for interdental ligament?

A
  • Transseptal fibres
52
Q

What do Transseptal fibres of the PDL connect from and to?

A
  • Connecting tooth to tooth

- Not connecting to bone

53
Q

What is the function of the gingival fibre group?

A
  • Supports the free gingiva
54
Q

What are the 4 types of marginal gingiva?

A
  • Dento-gingival
  • Alveolo-gingival
  • Dento-periosteal
  • Circular
55
Q

What is PDL loading?

A
  • The application of brief forces
56
Q

Teeth are rarely subjected to extrusive and horizontal forces. What are 2 examples of these?

A
  • Sticky foods

- Orthodontic forces

57
Q

The PDL is mostly subjected to intrusive forces. What are 4 examples of these?

A
  • Mastication
  • Swallowing
  • Speech
  • Parafunction (e.g. clenching, grinding)
58
Q

Why is the interdental col non-keratinised?

A
  • Because there are no masticatory forces
59
Q

What is an interdental col?

A
  • A craterlike area of the interproximal oral mucosa joining the lingual and buccal interdental papilla
  • It is the area between 2 teeth that is protected by the contact point
60
Q

What is the name of the nutrient canals that penetrate the alveolar bone?

A
  • Volkmann’s canals
61
Q

What are the functions of alveolar bone? (2 points)

A
  • Provide attachment for periodontal ligament fibres

- Supports the teeth

62
Q

What are the periodontal tissues? (4 points)

A
  • Gingiva
  • Cementum
  • Alveolar bone
  • Periodontal Ligament

BDS2 BAMS (57 decks)

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