Renal 3 rod Flashcards
What are 3 examples of urinary tract diseases?
- Urinary tract infection
- Urinary tract obstruction (renal stones, tumours, prostatic hypertrophy)
- Urinary tract malignancy
Which gender is more prone to UTI’s?
Females
Which microorganisms usually causes UTI’s?
E.coli (85%)
If a patient is immunosuppressed organisms other than E.coli can cause UTI’s. Give examples of these? (4 points)
- Staph, fungi, virus and TB possible
Urine is bacteriostatic to peritoneal organisms, what does bacteriostatic mean ?
- A substance that prevents the multiplying of bacteria without destroying them
What is cystitis?
- Bladder inflammation
What are 2 predisposing factors of a UTI?
- Poor bladder emptying
- Low urinary flow rates
Is urine usually sterile?
Yes, detecting ANY bacteria implies infection (30% may be asymptomatic)
Is contamination of urine through the skin possible?
Yes
What are examples of things that are indicative of a urine infection? (2 points)
- White cells in urine
- Blood in urine (microscopy only)
What is the ideal way to collect a urine sample?
Collect MID-stream urine sample (MSSU)
What is supra-pubic urine sampling?
- Can put catheter in through the tummy instead if the urethra
- If going to be in for any length of time then less likely to get infection
If urine is infected, what can this cause? (3 points)
- Cystitis (can spread upwards to kidney)
- Renal infection
- Prostate infection
Urethritis can occur in isolation. What microorganism can cause this?
Gonococcal
What is the process of normal peeing? (2 points)
- Full bladder
- Empty bladder
What is the process or urine reflux?
When contract bladder the pressure also forces urine back up to the kidney
What are common symptoms of a UTI? (5 points)
- Dysuria
- Urinary frequency
- Cloudy urine
- Offensive smelling urine
- Supra-pubic pain
What is dysuria?
Pain on passing urine