Oral functions feeding Flashcards
The first part of the feeding sequence is ingestion . What does this mean?
- Movement of food from the external environment into the mouth
How is ingestion of food accomplished?
- By biting (anterior teeth) and/or using tools (cutlery, cups etc)
What do lips provide in ingestion of food?
- An anterior oral ‘seal’
What 2 muscles are used to control the food bolus and prevent spillage of food?
- Buccinator
- Orbicularis oris
What is meant by ‘transport’ of food in the mouth?
Moving material from the front of the mouth to the level of the posterior teeth
How is food moved from the front of the mouth to the level of the posterior teeth? (3 points)
- Food is gathered in tongue tip
- Tongue retracts, pulling the material to the posterior teeth (pull back process; takes about 1 second)
- Associated with retraction of the hyoid bone and narrowing of the oropharynx
What is meant by ‘mechanical processing’ of food in the mouth? (2 points)
- Some solid foods must be broken down and mixed with saliva before they can be swallowed
- Moist solid foods have to have fluid removed before transport and swallowing
What is used to chew foods?
- Premolar and molar teeth
How can some soft foods be mechanically processed in the mouth (not including teeth)?
- They can be ‘squished’ by the tongue against the hard palate
Food processing involves the co-ordinated actions of many muscles. What are the categories of these? (4 points)
- The ‘mandibular muscles’
- The supra-hyoid muscles
- The tongue muscles
- The lips and cheeks
What is the role of the tongue in chewing? (3 points)
- Plays a key role in controlling and transporting the food ‘bolus’ within the mouth
- Tongue gathers food and ro tates to reposition the bolus on the occlusal table
- Along with the cheeks, it keeps the bolus on the chewing surfaces
Why do we always encourage patients to chew bilaterally?
- As unilateral chewing is not advised and can cause problems in the masticatory system
- Might have hypertrophy of the masseter
What does the forward movement of the tongue during the occlusal and initial opening phases of chewing create and what mechanism does this create?
- Creates a contact between the tongue and the hard palate
- The contact zone moves progressively backwards, squeezing the processed food through the fauces - this is called the ‘squeeze mechanism’
Food accumulates on the pharyngeal surface of the tongue and remains there until swallowing occurs. What is the difference between swallowing solids and liquids?
- During processing of solid foods, the mouth is continuous with the oropharynx
- However, a posterior oral seal is produced during the ingestion of liquids
What are the 3 phases of the chewing cycle and what is the importance of studying this?
- Opening phase (jaw depressor muscles are active)
- Closing phase (jaw elevator muscles are active)
- Occlusal phase (mandible is stationary/teeth joined) (intercuspal position where teeth are together
Importance
- Cycle is different between people/dentition and between different foods
