Skin soft tissue infecitons

Question 1

How can you classify infections by microbe? (3 points)

Answer 1

• Bacteria
• Virus
• Fungi

Question 2

How can you classify skin and soft tissue infections by anatom y? (2 points)

Answer 2

• Superficial

- Deeper tissues

Question 3

Give a basic description of Staph aureus?

Answer 3

• Gram positive

- Cocci

Question 4

What is the virulence factor of S. Aureus?

Answer 4

• Panton Valentine Leukocidin toxin (toxin that attacks white cells)

Question 5

What does the Panton Valentine Leukocidin toxin do?

Answer 5

• In epithelial cells can punch holes into the membrane and get leakage of cell contents

Question 6

What does pyogenic mean?

Answer 6

• Pus producing

Question 7

What are a few examples of pyogenic S. aureus infections? (3 points)

Answer 7

• Boils, carbuncles
• Wound infections
• Abscesses
• Impetigo
• Mastitis
• Pneumonia
• Endocarditis
• Bacteraemia
• Osteomyelitis

Question 8

What are a few examples of toxin mediated S. aureus infections? (3 points)

Answer 8

• Scalded skin syndrome
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Food poisoning

Question 9

What is another name for S. pyogenes?

Answer 9

Group A streptococcal infection

Question 10

Give a description of S. pyogenes?

Answer 10

• Gram positive

- Chains

Question 11

What are the virulence factors of S. pyogenes?

Answer 11

• Superantigens & toxic shock syndrome

Question 12

What is a superantigen?

Answer 12

• The effect of it on the immune system is massive compared to the amount of antigen present

Question 13

What is a basic description of S. anginosus?

Answer 13

• Gram positive

- In chains

Question 14

What is the virulence factor for S. anginosus?

Answer 14

• Intermedilysin (cytotoxin)

Question 15

What is an example of an oral manifestation of S. anginosus?

Answer 15

• Dental Abscess

Question 16

What is a basic description of anaerobes?

Answer 16

• Gram positive

- Rods: bacilli

Question 17

What is the virulence factor if anaerobes?

Answer 17

• Alpha toxin (lecithinase)

- Breaks down the fatty acid in cells and cell membranes

Question 18

What is a basic description of the herpes simplex group?

Answer 18

• DNA virus with envelope

Question 19

What is the virulence factor of herpes simplex?

Answer 19

Cell lysis

Question 20

What is an example of a disease caused by the herpes simplex virus?

Answer 20

• Herpes Labialis

Question 21

What is an example of a disease caused by anaerobes?

Answer 21

• Clostridium species

- Necrotising Fasciitis

Question 22

What is a basic description of candida albicans?

Answer 22

• Yeast cells

- About 10x bigger than bacteria

Question 23

What is the virulence factor of candida albicans?

Answer 23

• Phospholipase (breaks down phospholipids)

Question 24

What is a disease caused by candida albicans?

Answer 24

• Candidiasis

Question 25

What are 2 diseases that affect the epidermis of the skin?

Answer 25

- Impetigo & angular cheilitis

Question 26

What is an example of a disease that affects the dermis?

Answer 26

- Erysipelas | - Common cause: group A strep

Question 27

What is an example of an infection which affects the hair follicles?

Answer 27

- Folliculitis | - Staph aureus is an important pathogen here

Question 28

What is an example of an infection which affects the hair follicles but is deeper than folliculitis?

Answer 28

- Boils (furuncle) | - Staph aureus is a classic pathogen for this

Question 29

What is the name of the disease which is multiple deeper infections of the hair follicle?

Answer 29

- Carbuncles (multiple heads)

Question 30

What is an example of a disease which affects subcutaneous fat?

Answer 30

- Cellulitis | - Common cause is Group A streptococci

Question 31

What causes severe odontogenic infections?

Answer 31

- Strep anginosus and a mixture of anaerobes 

Question 32

What is an example of a disease which affects the fascia?

Answer 32

- Necrotising fasciitis | - Deeper infection are caused by staph, aureus and step. pyogenes

Question 33

What are 2 examples of disease which affect muscles in the skin and soft tissues? 

Answer 33

- Myonecrosis | - Gangrene

Question 34

What microorganism is a common cause of surgical wound infections?

Answer 34

- Staph aureus 

Question 35

What anaerobes are present in human bite wound infections?

Answer 35

- mixed anaerobes 

Question 36

What anaerobes are present in animal bite wound infections?

Answer 36

- Pasteurella multicoda | - Gram negative bacteria in the mouth of dogs and cats

Question 37

What are the 4 treatment principals?

Answer 37

- Diagnosis - Surgical debridement - Antibiotics - Review