Skin soft tissue infecitons Flashcards
How can you classify infections by microbe? (3 points)
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Fungi
How can you classify skin and soft tissue infections by anatom y? (2 points)
- Superficial
- Deeper tissues
Give a basic description of Staph aureus?
- Gram positive
- Cocci
What is the virulence factor of S. Aureus?
- Panton Valentine Leukocidin toxin (toxin that attacks white cells)
What does the Panton Valentine Leukocidin toxin do?
- In epithelial cells can punch holes into the membrane and get leakage of cell contents
What does pyogenic mean?
- Pus producing
What are a few examples of pyogenic S. aureus infections? (3 points)
- Boils, carbuncles
- Wound infections
- Abscesses
- Impetigo
- Mastitis
- Pneumonia
- Endocarditis
- Bacteraemia
- Osteomyelitis
What are a few examples of toxin mediated S. aureus infections? (3 points)
- Scalded skin syndrome
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Food poisoning
What is another name for S. pyogenes?
Group A streptococcal infection
Give a description of S. pyogenes?
- Gram positive
- Chains
What are the virulence factors of S. pyogenes?
- Superantigens & toxic shock syndrome
What is a superantigen?
- The effect of it on the immune system is massive compared to the amount of antigen present
What is a basic description of S. anginosus?
- Gram positive
- In chains
What is the virulence factor for S. anginosus?
- Intermedilysin (cytotoxin)
What is an example of an oral manifestation of S. anginosus?
- Dental Abscess
What is a basic description of anaerobes?
- Gram positive
- Rods: bacilli
What is the virulence factor if anaerobes?
- Alpha toxin (lecithinase)
- Breaks down the fatty acid in cells and cell membranes
What is a basic description of the herpes simplex group?
- DNA virus with envelope
What is the virulence factor of herpes simplex?
Cell lysis
What is an example of a disease caused by the herpes simplex virus?
- Herpes Labialis
What is an example of a disease caused by anaerobes?
- Clostridium species
- Necrotising Fasciitis
What is a basic description of candida albicans?
- Yeast cells
- About 10x bigger than bacteria
What is the virulence factor of candida albicans?
- Phospholipase (breaks down phospholipids)
What is a disease caused by candida albicans?
- Candidiasis
What are 2 diseases that affect the epidermis of the skin?
- Impetigo & angular cheilitis
What is an example of a disease that affects the dermis?
- Erysipelas
- Common cause: group A strep
What is an example of an infection which affects the hair follicles?
- Folliculitis
- Staph aureus is an important pathogen here
What is an example of an infection which affects the hair follicles but is deeper than folliculitis?
- Boils (furuncle)
- Staph aureus is a classic pathogen for this
What is the name of the disease which is multiple deeper infections of the hair follicle?
- Carbuncles (multiple heads)
What is an example of a disease which affects subcutaneous fat?
- Cellulitis
- Common cause is Group A streptococci
What causes severe odontogenic infections?
- Strep anginosus and a mixture of anaerobes
What is an example of a disease which affects the fascia?
- Necrotising fasciitis
- Deeper infection are caused by staph, aureus and step. pyogenes
What are 2 examples of disease which affect muscles in the skin and soft tissues?
- Myonecrosis
- Gangrene
What microorganism is a common cause of surgical wound infections?
- Staph aureus
What anaerobes are present in human bite wound infections?
- mixed anaerobes
What anaerobes are present in animal bite wound infections?
- Pasteurella multicoda
- Gram negative bacteria in the mouth of dogs and cats
What are the 4 treatment principals?
- Diagnosis
- Surgical debridement
- Antibiotics
- Review
