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BDS2 BAMS > Drugs deck > Flashcards

Drugs deck Flashcards

1
Q

lidocaine

A

local anaesthetic

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2
Q

prilocaine

A

local anaesthetic

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3
Q

bupivicaine

A

local anaesthetic

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4
Q

amoxycillin

A

antibiotic

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5
Q

clindamycin

A

dental go-to antibiotic

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6
Q

acyclovir

A

antiviral drug used topically or systemically

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7
Q

nystatin

A

topical anti fungal

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8
Q

fluconazole

A

systemic orally administered anti fugal

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9
Q

NSAID’s

A

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which reduce the inflammatory mediators

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10
Q

corticosteroids

A

anti-inflammatory drugs which reduce the inflammatory process

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11
Q

paracetamol

A

anti-pyretic analgesic

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12
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID used to prevent the formation of COX1 and COX2 in the cyclo-oxygenase pathway to prevent the formation of prostaglandins

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13
Q

arachidonic acid

A

inhibits cyclo-ocygenase pathway if not formed, to prevent the formation of prostaglandin

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14
Q

aspirin

A

NSAID used to inhibit COX1 pathway and thus reduce inflammatory mediators
- anti platelet by causing an irreversible change to the platelet to prevent aggregation

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15
Q

ibuprofen

A

NSAID with similar but less potent action than aspirin (COX1 pathway)

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16
Q

dexamethasone

A

systemic corticosteroid to reduce inflammatory pathway after surgery

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17
Q

hydrocortisone cream

A

corticosteroid cream (topical) to reduce inflammatory pathway in eczema patients

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18
Q

benzodiazepine midazolam

A

anxiolytic

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19
Q

nitrous oxide

A

anxiolytic gas

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20
Q

GTN

A

spray absorbed trans-mucosally to treat angina attacks

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21
Q

glucagon

A

treats diabetic hypo’s

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22
Q

diprymadole

A

antiplatelet

- inhibits the platelet phosphodiesterase to prevent coagulation

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23
Q

warfarin

A

anti-coagulant
- inhibits the clotting factors that require vitamin K for synthesis

  • monitored using the INR
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24
Q

apixaban

A

anticoagulant

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25
Q

clopidrogel

A

anti platelet that inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation

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26
Q

statins

A
  • coA reductase inhibitors

- inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver (helps atherosclerosis)

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27
Q

atenolol

A

beta 1 blocker
- blocks the effect of adrenaline on the heart

  • makes the heart rate slower
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28
Q

propanolol

A

beta 1 and beta 2 blocker

- good for anxious patients

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29
Q

thiazide

A

diuretic to reduce fluid volume by increasing salt and decreasing water

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30
Q

loop diuretic

A

works on the loop of henle

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31
Q

nitrates

A

(GTN)

- dilate veins and resistance arteries to reduce preload and the cardiac workload

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32
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

treats hypertension as it blocks calcium channels in smooth muscles (cardiac muscle too) to reduce tension

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33
Q

ace inhibitors

A
  • end in pril
  • inhibits the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
  • therefore reducing the effect of the vasoconstrictor and the BP
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34
Q

elanapril

A

ace inhibitor to reduce BP

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35
Q

bronchodilators

A

ensure airways stay open to increase ventilation in the alveoli
- beta 2 agonist (dilator)

  • anticholinergic (prevents muscle constriction)
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36
Q

chromoglycate

A

prevents mast cell degranulation in asthma

- leukotriene receptors antagonists which leads to airway narrowing

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37
Q

opioids and benzodiazepines

A

slow down breathing

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38
Q

theophylline

A

respiratory stimulant

- helps in gas exchange problems to stimulate respiratory drive

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39
Q

meter dose inhaler

A
  • produces high velocity suspensions of the bronchodilator
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40
Q

ipratropium (grey inhaler)

A

inhibits the muscarininc nerve transmission in autonomic nerves to dilate the bronchi and decrease mucus secretion

anticholinergic

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41
Q

leukotriene inhibitors

A

prevent inflammatory triggers from firing but inhibits leukotriene

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42
Q

fluticasone

A

inhaled steroid

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43
Q

beta-adrenergic agonists

A
  • relax bronchial smooth muscle to reduce bronchoconstriction and resting bronchial tone to act as a protective measure against asthma
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44
Q

pancreatic enzymes

A

given to patients with CF to help digest fats

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45
Q

Dnase

A

breaks down mucus

- helpful in CF patients

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46
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2
- therefore lowers BP and prevents reabsorption of salt and water in the kidneys

  • prevents vasoconstriction
  • enalapril, (anything ending in “-pril”)
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47
Q

acyclovir

A

antiviral

- helps to treat herpes infections

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48
Q

adrenaline

A

beta blocker
- activates the sympathetic nervous system

  • fight or flight
  • increases vasoconstriction, bronchial constriction, heart rate
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49
Q

amoxycillin

A

antibiotic
- penicillin based

  • treating UTI’s and other minor bacterial infections
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50
Q

analgesic

A

anything to relieve pain

- NSAIDs, paracetamol, aspirin, cocodamol, morphine

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51
Q

antacids

A
  • eliminate stomach acid

- alkaline based

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52
Q

anti-cholinergic

A

bronchodilators
- beta agonist

  • inhibit nerve transmission in smooth muscles
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53
Q

anti-diuretic hormone

A
  • ADH
  • decreases urine production
  • increases salt and water retention in the body
  • given to patients with diabetes mellitus as they can no longer concentrate urine
54
Q

anticonvulsant

A

treats epileptic seizures

55
Q

anxiolytic

A

opioids and benzodiazepines to help relax and reduce anxiety

56
Q

articaine

A

local anaesthetic
- stronger than lignocaine

  • contains adrenaline
57
Q

aspirin

A
  • NSAID
  • anti platelet
  • thins blood
  • permanently affects platelets until they are recycled (7-10 days)
  • given to patients with hypertension and MI risk
58
Q

atenolol

A

beta blocker
- slows down HR

  • reduces heart force
  • patients with MI risk
59
Q

atropine

A

cholinergic blocker
- targets the parasympathetic system

  • prevents constriction of smooth muscle cells
60
Q

beta blockers

A
  • prevent the action of adrenaline on the heart

- impair ventilation however, careful with patients with COPD and asthma

61
Q

beta-2 agonist

A
  • bronchodilators
  • prevents smooth muscle constriction
  • short acting to treat acute bronchial constriction
  • long acting as a prophylactic measure
62
Q

benzodiazeipine

A
  • anticonvulsant
  • anxiolytic
  • relaxant
63
Q

biguanides

A
  • insulin sensitiser

- given to type 2 diabetics

64
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

inactivate calcium channels in smooth muscles
- prevent constriction of blood vessel walls

  • can cause gingival hyperplasia
65
Q

carbimazole

A

treats hyperthyroidism

- can cause hypothyroidism if used too much

66
Q

corticosteroid

A

artificial cortisol
- reduce inflammatory processes

  • steroid
  • anti-inflammatory drug
67
Q

COX inhibitors

A
  • inhibit the pathway of COX to COX 2
  • NSAIDs
  • ibuprofen and aspirin
  • interact with other medications
  • can cause GI bleeding, kidney and liver problems
  • prevents synthesis of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid
  • anti-inflammatory and analgesic
68
Q

dabigatran

A
  • anticoagulant
69
Q

digoxin

A
  • cardiac stimulator

- used to treat patients with heart failure

70
Q

diuretics

A
  • decrease salt and water reabsorption in the kidneys
  • e.g. thiaside
  • dilutes the urine
  • treats HBP by reducing fluid volume
71
Q

fluconazole

A

oral antifungal
- reacts with warfarin

  • treats candida infections
72
Q

glucagon

A
  • increases blood sugars
73
Q

GTN

A
  • short acting nitrate therapy
  • treats angina
  • 3 sprays under the tongue
  • glyceryl trinitrate
74
Q

H2 receptor blockers

A
  • reduce acid secretion in the stomach
  • prevent histamine activation of acid production
  • not as good as PPI as the acetylcholine and gastrin activation still occurs
75
Q

ibuprofen

A
  • NSAID
  • COX inhibitor
  • propionic acid derivative
76
Q

insulin

A

decreases blood glucose levels

- used for type 1 diabetics

77
Q

insulin sensitisers

A

used in type 2 diabetics
- increase cell response to glucose

  • biguanides and thiazolidinediones
78
Q

interferon

A

anti viral

- interferes with viral replication

79
Q

insulin secretagogue

A
  • increases insulin secretion
  • type 2 diabetics
  • sulphonylureas
80
Q

ipratropium

A
  • anticholinergic

- beta antagonist

81
Q

lidocaine

A
  • local anaesthetic

- contains adrenaline

82
Q

metronidazole

A
  • antibiotic
  • common
  • oral infection, h.pylori, triple therapy
83
Q

nitrate therapy

A
  • treats angina
  • long and short acting
  • dilates veins and resistance arteries
  • decreases preload
84
Q

nitrous oxide

A
  • anxiolytic

- inhaled

85
Q

NSAID

A

reduce prostaglandin production
- common drug interactions

  • not to be given to patients with bleeding disorders, renal disease, liver failure
  • COX inhibitor
86
Q

omeprazole

A
  • proton pump inhibitor

- reduces stomach acid production

87
Q

opium

A

used in sedation and analgesia

88
Q

oxygen

A
  • chronic lung conditions such as COPD
  • acute conditions such as CI
  • classed as a drug if used in any concentration greater than found in the air
89
Q

oxytocin

A
  • produced by the posterior pituitary

- causes labour

90
Q

paracetamol

A
  • anti pyretic (prevents fever)
  • analgesic
  • 500mg tablets
  • max dose 4g/day
  • overdose = liver failure
91
Q

prednisalone

A
  • corticosteroid
  • prevents transplant rejection
  • 4x stronger than hydrocortisone
  • therapeutic steroid
  • treats IBD
92
Q

prilocaine

A
  • local anaesthetics

- doesn’t contain adrenaline

93
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

prevent/reduce acid secretion in the stomach

- block the proton pump in the parietal cell

94
Q

salbutamol

A
  • inhaled beta agonist

- used for short acting asthma inhaler

95
Q

salmeterol

A
  • long acting beta 2 agonist
96
Q

simvastatin

A
  • stainin
  • used to treat atherosclerosis
  • reduces blood cholesterol
97
Q

somatostatin

A
  • inhibits the effector insulin and glucagon

- inhibits GH

98
Q

statin

A

liid lowering drugs
- reduce cholsterol

  • atherosclerosis patients
99
Q

sulphonylureas

A
  • insulin secretagogue
  • increase insulin secretion
  • oral hypoglycaemic agent
100
Q

theophylline

A
  • bronchodilator
  • respiratory stimulant
  • improve ventilation when there is a gas exchange problem
101
Q

thyroxine

A
  • T4

- treats hypothyroidism

102
Q

warfarin

A
  • anticoagulant

- increases prothrombin time

103
Q

NOAC

A

new oral anti coagulant
- apixaban

  • dabigatran
  • prevent clot formation
104
Q

bupivicaine

A

local anaesthetic

105
Q

nystatin

A

anti fungal

- topical

106
Q

diclofenac

A
  • phenyl acetic acid derivative
  • effective analgesic
  • NSAID
107
Q

hydrocortisone

A

topical corticosteroid

108
Q

dexamethasone

A
  • prevents swelling
  • corticosteroid
  • often given after wisdom tooth removal
109
Q

infliximab

A

anti TNFa

- stop inflammation

110
Q

ursodeoxycholicacid

A

prevent the build up of bile acid

111
Q

colestyramine

A

prevents bile acid reabsorption from the GIT

112
Q

triple therapy

A
  • used to treat PUD
  • removes H.pylori
  • 2 antibiotics (amoxycillin and metronidazole)
  • 1 PPI (omeprazole)
113
Q

oral contraceptives

A

increased hypertension and clotting

114
Q

dual anti platelet therapy

A

aspirin and clopidrogel

- used for patients with mechanical heart valves

115
Q

sympathomimetics

A

increase risk of hypertension

116
Q

clopidrogel

A

anti platelet
-inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation

  • given with aspirin for a dual effect
117
Q

dipyridamole

A
  • inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase

- anti platelet

118
Q

chromoglycate

A

prevents mast cell degranulation in asthmatic patients

119
Q

leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

prevent mast cell degranulation in asthmatic patients

120
Q

drugs used to increase ventilation

A

bronchodilatos and anti inflammatory

121
Q

respiratory depressants

A

benzodiazepines

and opioids

122
Q

BAD

A

breath activated device

123
Q

MDI

A

meter dose inhaler

124
Q

fluticasone

A

inhaled corticosteroid

125
Q

beclomethasone

A

inhaled corticosteroid

126
Q

betamethasone

A

inhaled corticosteroid

127
Q

fludrocortisone

A

mimics aldosterone

128
Q

AT2 blocker

A

angiotensin 2 blocker
- prevents angiotensin production by blocking the receptor

  • inhibits aldosterone production
129
Q

nephrotoxic drug

A

cyclosporin

- immunosuppressant

130
Q

prasugrel

A

anti platelet

131
Q

tricagrelor

A

anti platelet

BDS2 BAMS (57 decks)

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