Drugs deck Flashcards
1
Q
lidocaine
A
local anaesthetic
2
Q
prilocaine
A
local anaesthetic
3
Q
bupivicaine
A
local anaesthetic
4
Q
amoxycillin
A
antibiotic
5
Q
clindamycin
A
dental go-to antibiotic
6
Q
acyclovir
A
antiviral drug used topically or systemically
7
Q
nystatin
A
topical anti fungal
8
Q
fluconazole
A
systemic orally administered anti fugal
9
Q
NSAID’s
A
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which reduce the inflammatory mediators
10
Q
corticosteroids
A
anti-inflammatory drugs which reduce the inflammatory process
11
Q
paracetamol
A
anti-pyretic analgesic
12
Q
diclofenac
A
NSAID used to prevent the formation of COX1 and COX2 in the cyclo-oxygenase pathway to prevent the formation of prostaglandins
13
Q
arachidonic acid
A
inhibits cyclo-ocygenase pathway if not formed, to prevent the formation of prostaglandin
14
Q
aspirin
A
NSAID used to inhibit COX1 pathway and thus reduce inflammatory mediators
- anti platelet by causing an irreversible change to the platelet to prevent aggregation
15
Q
ibuprofen
A
NSAID with similar but less potent action than aspirin (COX1 pathway)
16
Q
dexamethasone
A
systemic corticosteroid to reduce inflammatory pathway after surgery
17
Q
hydrocortisone cream
A
corticosteroid cream (topical) to reduce inflammatory pathway in eczema patients
18
Q
benzodiazepine midazolam
A
anxiolytic
19
Q
nitrous oxide
A
anxiolytic gas
20
Q
GTN
A
spray absorbed trans-mucosally to treat angina attacks
21
Q
glucagon
A
treats diabetic hypo’s
22
Q
diprymadole
A
antiplatelet
- inhibits the platelet phosphodiesterase to prevent coagulation
23
Q
warfarin
A
anti-coagulant
- inhibits the clotting factors that require vitamin K for synthesis
- monitored using the INR
24
Q
apixaban
A
anticoagulant
25
clopidrogel
anti platelet that inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation
26
statins
- coA reductase inhibitors
| - inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver (helps atherosclerosis)
27
atenolol
beta 1 blocker
- blocks the effect of adrenaline on the heart
- makes the heart rate slower
28
propanolol
beta 1 and beta 2 blocker
| - good for anxious patients
29
thiazide
diuretic to reduce fluid volume by increasing salt and decreasing water
30
loop diuretic
works on the loop of henle
31
nitrates
(GTN)
| - dilate veins and resistance arteries to reduce preload and the cardiac workload
32
calcium channel blockers
treats hypertension as it blocks calcium channels in smooth muscles (cardiac muscle too) to reduce tension
33
ace inhibitors
- end in pril
- inhibits the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
- therefore reducing the effect of the vasoconstrictor and the BP
34
elanapril
ace inhibitor to reduce BP
35
bronchodilators
ensure airways stay open to increase ventilation in the alveoli
- beta 2 agonist (dilator)
- anticholinergic (prevents muscle constriction)
36
chromoglycate
prevents mast cell degranulation in asthma
| - leukotriene receptors antagonists which leads to airway narrowing
37
opioids and benzodiazepines
slow down breathing
38
theophylline
respiratory stimulant
| - helps in gas exchange problems to stimulate respiratory drive
39
meter dose inhaler
- produces high velocity suspensions of the bronchodilator
40
ipratropium (grey inhaler)
inhibits the muscarininc nerve transmission in autonomic nerves to dilate the bronchi and decrease mucus secretion
anticholinergic
41
leukotriene inhibitors
prevent inflammatory triggers from firing but inhibits leukotriene
42
fluticasone
inhaled steroid
43
beta-adrenergic agonists
- relax bronchial smooth muscle to reduce bronchoconstriction and resting bronchial tone to act as a protective measure against asthma
44
pancreatic enzymes
given to patients with CF to help digest fats
45
Dnase
breaks down mucus
| - helpful in CF patients
46
ACE inhibitors
prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2
- therefore lowers BP and prevents reabsorption of salt and water in the kidneys
- prevents vasoconstriction
- enalapril, (anything ending in "-pril")
47
acyclovir
antiviral
| - helps to treat herpes infections
48
adrenaline
beta blocker
- activates the sympathetic nervous system
- fight or flight
- increases vasoconstriction, bronchial constriction, heart rate
49
amoxycillin
antibiotic
- penicillin based
- treating UTI's and other minor bacterial infections
50
analgesic
anything to relieve pain
| - NSAIDs, paracetamol, aspirin, cocodamol, morphine
51
antacids
- eliminate stomach acid
| - alkaline based
52
anti-cholinergic
bronchodilators
- beta agonist
- inhibit nerve transmission in smooth muscles
53
anti-diuretic hormone
- ADH
- decreases urine production
- increases salt and water retention in the body
- given to patients with diabetes mellitus as they can no longer concentrate urine
54
anticonvulsant
treats epileptic seizures
55
anxiolytic
opioids and benzodiazepines to help relax and reduce anxiety
56
articaine
local anaesthetic
- stronger than lignocaine
- contains adrenaline
57
aspirin
- NSAID
- anti platelet
- thins blood
- permanently affects platelets until they are recycled (7-10 days)
- given to patients with hypertension and MI risk
58
atenolol
beta blocker
- slows down HR
- reduces heart force
- patients with MI risk
59
atropine
cholinergic blocker
- targets the parasympathetic system
- prevents constriction of smooth muscle cells
60
beta blockers
- prevent the action of adrenaline on the heart
| - impair ventilation however, careful with patients with COPD and asthma
61
beta-2 agonist
- bronchodilators
- prevents smooth muscle constriction
- short acting to treat acute bronchial constriction
- long acting as a prophylactic measure
62
benzodiazeipine
- anticonvulsant
- anxiolytic
- relaxant
63
biguanides
- insulin sensitiser
| - given to type 2 diabetics
64
calcium channel blockers
inactivate calcium channels in smooth muscles
- prevent constriction of blood vessel walls
- can cause gingival hyperplasia
65
carbimazole
treats hyperthyroidism
| - can cause hypothyroidism if used too much
66
corticosteroid
artificial cortisol
- reduce inflammatory processes
- steroid
- anti-inflammatory drug
67
COX inhibitors
- inhibit the pathway of COX to COX 2
- NSAIDs
- ibuprofen and aspirin
- interact with other medications
- can cause GI bleeding, kidney and liver problems
- prevents synthesis of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid
- anti-inflammatory and analgesic
68
dabigatran
- anticoagulant
69
digoxin
- cardiac stimulator
| - used to treat patients with heart failure
70
diuretics
- decrease salt and water reabsorption in the kidneys
- e.g. thiaside
- dilutes the urine
- treats HBP by reducing fluid volume
71
fluconazole
oral antifungal
- reacts with warfarin
- treats candida infections
72
glucagon
- increases blood sugars
73
GTN
- short acting nitrate therapy
- treats angina
- 3 sprays under the tongue
- glyceryl trinitrate
74
H2 receptor blockers
- reduce acid secretion in the stomach
- prevent histamine activation of acid production
- not as good as PPI as the acetylcholine and gastrin activation still occurs
75
ibuprofen
- NSAID
- COX inhibitor
- propionic acid derivative
76
insulin
decreases blood glucose levels
| - used for type 1 diabetics
77
insulin sensitisers
used in type 2 diabetics
- increase cell response to glucose
- biguanides and thiazolidinediones
78
interferon
anti viral
| - interferes with viral replication
79
insulin secretagogue
- increases insulin secretion
- type 2 diabetics
- sulphonylureas
80
ipratropium
- anticholinergic
| - beta antagonist
81
lidocaine
- local anaesthetic
| - contains adrenaline
82
metronidazole
- antibiotic
- common
- oral infection, h.pylori, triple therapy
83
nitrate therapy
- treats angina
- long and short acting
- dilates veins and resistance arteries
- decreases preload
84
nitrous oxide
- anxiolytic
| - inhaled
85
NSAID
reduce prostaglandin production
- common drug interactions
- not to be given to patients with bleeding disorders, renal disease, liver failure
- COX inhibitor
86
omeprazole
- proton pump inhibitor
| - reduces stomach acid production
87
opium
used in sedation and analgesia
88
oxygen
- chronic lung conditions such as COPD
- acute conditions such as CI
- classed as a drug if used in any concentration greater than found in the air
89
oxytocin
- produced by the posterior pituitary
| - causes labour
90
paracetamol
- anti pyretic (prevents fever)
- analgesic
- 500mg tablets
- max dose 4g/day
- overdose = liver failure
91
prednisalone
- corticosteroid
- prevents transplant rejection
- 4x stronger than hydrocortisone
- therapeutic steroid
- treats IBD
92
prilocaine
- local anaesthetics
| - doesn't contain adrenaline
93
proton pump inhibitors
prevent/reduce acid secretion in the stomach
| - block the proton pump in the parietal cell
94
salbutamol
- inhaled beta agonist
| - used for short acting asthma inhaler
95
salmeterol
- long acting beta 2 agonist
96
simvastatin
- stainin
- used to treat atherosclerosis
- reduces blood cholesterol
97
somatostatin
- inhibits the effector insulin and glucagon
| - inhibits GH
98
statin
liid lowering drugs
- reduce cholsterol
- atherosclerosis patients
99
sulphonylureas
- insulin secretagogue
- increase insulin secretion
- oral hypoglycaemic agent
100
theophylline
- bronchodilator
- respiratory stimulant
- improve ventilation when there is a gas exchange problem
101
thyroxine
- T4
| - treats hypothyroidism
102
warfarin
- anticoagulant
| - increases prothrombin time
103
NOAC
new oral anti coagulant
- apixaban
- dabigatran
- prevent clot formation
104
bupivicaine
local anaesthetic
105
nystatin
anti fungal
| - topical
106
diclofenac
- phenyl acetic acid derivative
- effective analgesic
- NSAID
107
hydrocortisone
topical corticosteroid
108
dexamethasone
- prevents swelling
- corticosteroid
- often given after wisdom tooth removal
109
infliximab
anti TNFa
| - stop inflammation
110
ursodeoxycholicacid
prevent the build up of bile acid
111
colestyramine
prevents bile acid reabsorption from the GIT
112
triple therapy
- used to treat PUD
- removes H.pylori
- 2 antibiotics (amoxycillin and metronidazole)
- 1 PPI (omeprazole)
113
oral contraceptives
increased hypertension and clotting
114
dual anti platelet therapy
aspirin and clopidrogel
| - used for patients with mechanical heart valves
115
sympathomimetics
increase risk of hypertension
116
clopidrogel
anti platelet
-inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation
- given with aspirin for a dual effect
117
dipyridamole
- inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase
| - anti platelet
118
chromoglycate
prevents mast cell degranulation in asthmatic patients
119
leukotriene receptor antagonists
prevent mast cell degranulation in asthmatic patients
120
drugs used to increase ventilation
bronchodilatos and anti inflammatory
121
respiratory depressants
benzodiazepines
| and opioids
122
BAD
breath activated device
123
MDI
meter dose inhaler
124
fluticasone
inhaled corticosteroid
125
beclomethasone
inhaled corticosteroid
126
betamethasone
inhaled corticosteroid
127
fludrocortisone
mimics aldosterone
128
AT2 blocker
angiotensin 2 blocker
- prevents angiotensin production by blocking the receptor
- inhibits aldosterone production
129
nephrotoxic drug
cyclosporin
| - immunosuppressant
130
prasugrel
anti platelet
131
tricagrelor
anti platelet
