Trial

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

back

Question 2

What is the olfactory region lined with?

Answer 2

Olfactory epithelium, which contains approx 10 mil olfactory neurons which are receptor cells

Question 3

What are the ends of olfactory neurons called?

Answer 3

Olfactory vesicles and have olfactory hairs which lie in a thin mucous

Question 4

What type of receptor is an olfactory neuron?

Answer 4

Chemoreceptor

Question 5

What is the process from an odorant binding to a membrane receptor?

Answer 5

An odorant binds to a receptor molecule which activates a G protein,G protein activates adenylate cyclase, which is an enzyme which makes cAMP from ATP, G protein activates adenylate cyclase, which is an enzyme which makes cAMP from ATP, cAMP causes Na+ and Ca2+ channels to open, The influx of ions causes depolarization & production of action potentials to olfactory neurons

Question 6

What are the 7 primary classes of smells?

Answer 6

Camphoraceous (mothballs), Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal (fresh pears), Pungent, and Putrid *Avg person can recognize 4000 odors

Question 7

Can an olfactory receptor react to more than one type of odorant?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What are the most exposed nerve endings of all neurons?

Answer 8

Primary olfactory neurons

Question 9

How often are olfactory neurons and olfactory epithelium replaced?

Answer 9

Every 2 months

Question 10

What is the neuronal pathway for olfaction?

Answer 10

Olfactory nerves project through foramina in cribiform plate to the olfactory bulb, Axons in neurons of olfactory bulb project through olfactory tract to areas of cerebrum, The olfactory cortex areas are located in temporal and frontal lobes, In addition olfactory tract neurons project to secondary olfactory areas which are involved in emotional and autonomic responses, these include hypothalamus, hippocampus and limbic system,

Question 11

What odorants act on nociceptors of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 11

Ammonia, menthol, chlorine, capsaicin of hot peppers