Ch 4 Connective Tissue Flashcards
Connective Tissue
7 - Functions
- Enclosing and seperating other tissues
- Connecting tissues to one another
- Supporting and moving parts of the body
- Storing compounds
- Cushioning and insulating
- Transporting
- Protecting
What are the 3 cell types that make up connective Tissue?
Blasts - create the matrix
Cytes - maintain it
Clasts - break it down for remodeling
What are the connective tissue cells that form the framework of the body?
Bone cells
Cartilage cells
Fibrous tissue cells
What are the bone cells called?
Osteoblasts - form the bone
Osteocytes - maintain it
Osteoclasts - break it down
What are the cartilage cells called?
Chondroblasts - form cartilage
Chondrocytes - maintain it
What are the fibrous tissue cells called?
Fibroblasts - form fibrous connective tissue
Fibrocytes - maintain it
Adipocytes aka adipose
Loose connective Tissue
contain a large amount of lipid. The lipid pushes the rest of the cell contents to the periphery so that each cell appears to contain a large centrally located lipid droplet
Mast cells
Play an important role in inflamination. They contain chemicals that are released in response to injury such as trauma and infection
White blood cells
AKA Leukocytes
continuously move from blood vessels to connective tissue (rate increases dramatically in response to injury or infection)
Macrophages
are large, phagocytic cells found in some connective tissues
They are derived from a type of white blood cell. They are either fixed or wandering.
They play a major role in protecting against infections
Eat bacteria and foreign substances and dead cells.
Platelets
fragments of hemopoietic cells containing enzymes and special proteins that function in teh clotting process to reduce bleeding from a wound
Undifferentiated Mesenchymal cells
Type of adult stem cell that persist in connective tissue - have the potential to form multiple cell types
What are the 3 major components of connective tissue ECM?
Protein fibers (Collagen, reticular, elastic fibers)
Ground substance
Fluid
What are the 3 types of protein fibers of the ECM?
Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
Collagen fibers
Consist of the protein collagen.
Most abundant protein in body
Very stong and flexible but not very elastic
Reticular fibers
very short, thin fibers that branch to form a network - MESH
Fill spaces between tissues and organs
*The reticular connective tissues are found in the kidney, the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Cradle and suuport organs
Elastic fibers
consist of the protein elastin
has the ability to return to its orignal shape after being stretched or compressed
*Found in SKIN lUNGS and BLOOD VESSEL wall
Ground substance of the matrix & two major components
gel like mixture of nonfibrous molecules
Hyaluronic acid & proteoglucycans
Hyaluronic acid
long unbranched polysaccharide chain composed of repeating disaccharide units
*Good lubricant for joint cavities
Proteoglycan monomer
large molecule that consists of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides
Adhesive molecules
ground substance that hold the proteoglycan aggresgates together as well as attache them to cells fo the tissue
What is the ground substance of Cartilage, bone and fibrous connective tissue?
Chondronectin
osteonectin
fibronectin
Mesenchyme
Embryonic connective tissue from which connective as well as other tissues arise
Mucous connective Tissue
Embryonic connective tissue - unbilical cord
What are the 2 types of Embryonic connective tissues
Mesenchyme & Mucous connective Tissue
What are the 3 types of adult connective Tissue?
Connective Tissue Proper
Supporting connecting tissue
Fluid connecting tissue
Loose connective Tissue
Consists of a relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network, with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid
Adipose, Reticular, Areolar
What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?
Areolar, adipose and reticular
Areolar Tissue
Type of tissue?
Cells?
Ground substance/fibers?
Locations?
Loose Connective Tissue
CELLS: Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells
Ground Substance: Elastin and collagen fibers
Found: Widely distributed throughout the body, substance on which epithelial tissue rests, packing between glands, muscles and nerves
Adipose tissue
Type of tissue?
Cells?
Ground substance/fibers?
Locations?
Loose connective Tissue
Cells: Consists of adipocytes which contain a large amount of lipids
Ground subtance: very little ground subatnce of glycoproteins and proteoglycans
Functions as an insulator, a protective tissue and a site of energy storage
Found: In subcutaneous areas, around kidneys and attached to surface of the colon
Yellow adipose tissue
the most abundant
appears white at birth but turns yellow with age
Brown adipose
found in specific areas of the body such as armpits, neck and near kidneys
Plays a role in regulating body temp in newborns and metabolism in adults
Reticular Tissue
Type of tissue?
Cells?
Ground substance/fibers?
Locations?
Loose connective tissue
Cells: fibroblasts, leukocytes
Ground substance: Reticular fibers
forms the framework for lympatic tissue,such as spleen and lymph nodes
Found: Within spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
Dense connective Tissue
has a relatively large number of protein fibers which form thick bundles and fill nearly all the extracelluar space
What are the 2 subgroups of dense connective tissue?
Regular and irregular
Dense regular connective Tissue
has protein fibers in the ECM that are oriented predominantly in one direction
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue
Dense regular elastic connective tissue
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue
Matrix composed of?
Running in same or different directions?
Function:
Found:
Matrix composed of collagen fibers
Running somewhat in same direction
Function: able to withstand great pulling forces in the direction of fibers
Found: tendons
Dense regular elastic connective tissue
Matrix composed of?
Running in same or different directions?
Function:
Found:
consists of parallel bundles of collegan fibers and abundant elastic fibers
same direction
Function: Able to stretch and recoil like rubber band, strength in direction of fiber
Found: Vocal folds & elastic ligaments between vertebrae
Dense irregular connective tissue
contains protein fibers arramged as a meshwork of randomly oriented fibers
Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
Dense irregular elastic connective tissue
Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
Matrix composed of?
Running in same or different directions?
Function:
Found:
Matrix composed of collagen fibers that run in all directions
in different directions
Function: Strength capable of stretching in all directions
Found: Most of dermis, organ capsules
Dense irregular elastic connective tissue
Matrix composed of?
Running in same or different directions?
Function:
Found:
Matrix composed of bundles and sheets of collagenous and elastic fibers
different directions
Functions: Capable of strength, stretching in many directions
Found: Elastic arteries
Cartilage
Composed of cartilage cells within an extensive and relatively rigid matrix.
*Surface of nearly all cartilage is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called perichondrium
Hyaline cartilage
Fibro cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Lucunae
Spaces in which cartilage cells are located
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
has a large amount of both collagen fibers and proteoglycans.
Collegan fibers are evenly dispursed throughout the ground substance and hyaline cartilage in joint has a very smooth surface
Fibrocartilage
more collagen fibers than protepglycans
much thick bundles of collagen fibers dispursed throughout matrix
Slightly compressable and very tough
*Knee, jaw
Elastic cartilage
Has numerous elastic fibers in addition to collagen adn preteoglycans
Found in external ears
Bone
hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and mineralized matrix
What are the 2 types of bones?
Spongy bone and Compact bone
Spongy bone
has spaced between the trabeculae or plates of bone and resembles a sponge
Compact bone
more solid. almost no space between many thin layers or lamella
Blood
A fluid connective tissue
*Matrix is produced by other cells rather than by blood cells
Hemopoietic Tissue
Tissue forms blood cells
in adults found in bone marrow
What are the 4 categories of connective tissue?
Proper
Blood
Bone
Cartilage
What are the cell types and ground substance of Arerolar connective tissue?
Cell types: Fibroblasts, macrophages, lympocytes, mast cells
fiber types/ground substances: Collagen, elastic, reticular
