Ch. 4 Muscle tissue, Nervous Tissue, Tissue membranes, Tissue repair Flashcards
Muscle Tissue
Main characteristic is it contracts or shortens, responsible for movement
3 types are Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Skeletal Muscle
- Attaches to skeleton and enables body to move
- Under voluntary control - person can make it move
- Long cynlindrical cells, containing many nuclei
- Striated
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle of the heart - responsible for pumping blood
Involuntary control
Cylindrical but much shorter than skeletal
Striated but usually only one nucleus per cell
Connected by intercalated disks
Smooth Muscle
Forms the walls of hollow organs also found in skin and eyes
Moving food through digestive tract & emptying bladder
Involuntary control
No striation and single nucleui
Nervous Tissue
Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Ability to conduct electrical signals called Action Potentials
Consists of neurons and glia
Neurons
conducting cells of nervous tissue
Transports electrical signals through out the body
Composed of 3 parts: cell body, dendrite and axon
Cell body
Contains nucleus and is the site of general cell functions
Dendrites
Recieve action potentials
Have multiple branches at their ends
Axon
conducts action potentials away from cell body
Can be longer than dendrites and have a constant diameter along their entire length
Multipolar neurons
Have multiple dendrites and a single axon
Bipolar neurons
Single dendrite and an axon
Pseudounipolar neuron
One single short process that extends from teh cell body then divides into 2 branches
Conducts action potentials away from the periphery to the brain or spinal cord
In ganglia outside of brain and spinal cord
Glia
Support cells of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
Nourish, protect and insulate neurons
What are the 4 tissue membranes of the body?
External - Skin aka Cutaneous membran
Internal - Mucous. Serous, Synovial
Mucous Membrane
Lines cavities and canals that open to outside body
Consist of epithelial tissue, basement membrane and layer of loose connective tissue called Lamina propria
Functions: Protection, absorption and secretion
Serous Membrane
Lines cavities that do not open to exterior body. Protect interior organs from friction and hold them in place
Consist of Simple squamous epithelium called Mesothelium, basement membrane and loose connective tissue
Synovial membrane
Line freely moveable joints
Made up of only connective tissue
Inflammation
the response that occurs when tissues are damaged.
A defense mechanism that mobilized bodys immune cells to isolate and destroy damaged cells, injurous agents
have major manifestations: Redness, heat, swelling, pain and disturbed function
Tissue repair
Substitution of viable cells for dead cells by regeneration or replacement
Labile cells
Divide throughout life
Steady turnover of new cells replacing old cells
Stable cells
Can divide and regenerate in response to injury
Permanent cells
are not able to replicate and if die are replaced by another cell
