Transfusion-Transmitted Disease

Question 1

1. The fecal-oral route is common in transmitting which of
   these hepatitis viruses?
   a. HAV and HEV
   b. HBV and HCV
   c. HDV
   d. HGV

Answer 1

a. HAV and HEV

Question 2

2. Which of the following is the component of choice for a
   low-birth-weight infant with a hemoglobin of 8 g/dL if
   the mother is anti-CMV negative?
   a. Whole blood from a donor with anti-CMV
   b. RBCs from a donor who is anti-CMV negative
   c. Leukoreduced platelets
   d. Solvent detergent–treated plasma

Answer 2

b. RBCs from a donor who is anti-CMV negative

Question 3

3. Which of the following is an FDA-licensed screening test
   for HCV?
   a. NAT + anti-HBc
   b. RIBA
   c. Lymph node biopsy
   d. HCV RNA

Answer 3

d. HCV RNA

Question 4

4. Currently, which of the following does the AABB consider to be the most significant infectious threat from
   transfusion?
   a. Bacterial contamination
   b. CMV
   c. Hepatitis
   d. HIV

Answer 4

a. Bacterial contamination

Question 5

5. Which of the following is the most frequently transmitted
   virus from mother to fetus?
   a. HIV
   b. Hepatitis
   c. CMV
   d. EBV

Answer 5

c. CMV

Question 6

6. Jaundice due to HAV is seen most often in the:
   a. Adolescent
   b. Adult
   c. Child younger than 6 years old
   d. Newborn

Answer 6

b. Adult

Question 7

7. Currently, steps taken to reduce transfusion-transmitted
   CMV include:
   a. Plaque reduction neutralization test
   b. NAT testing
   c. Leukoreduction
   d. Minipool screening

Answer 7

c. Leukoreduction

Question 8

8. HBV remains infectious on environmental surfaces for 1:
   a. Day
   b. Week
   c. Month
   d. Year

Answer 8

b. Week

Question 9

9. HBV is transmitted most frequently:
   a. By needle sharing among IV drug users
   b. Through blood transfusions
   c. By unknown methods
   d. By sexual activity

Answer 9

d. By sexual activity

Question 10

10. Which of the following is the most common cause of
    chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States?
    a. HAV
    b. HBV
    c. HCV
    d. HDV

Answer 10

c. HCV

Question 11

11. The first retrovirus to be associated with human disease was:
    a. HCV
    b. HIV
    c. HTLV-I
    d. WNV

Answer 11

c. HTLV-I

Question 12

12. All of the following statements are true concerning
    WNV except:
    a. 1 in 150 infections results in severe neurological
    disease
    b. Severe disease occurs most frequently in the over50 age group
    c. Deaths occur more often in those over 65 years who
    present with encephalitis
    d. Fatalities occur in approximately 38% of infected
    individuals

Answer 12

d. Fatalities occur in approximately 38% of infected
individuals

Question 13

13. The primary host for WNV is:
    a. Birds
    b. Horses
    c. Humans
    d. Bats

Answer 13

a. Birds

Question 14

14. Tests for WNV include all of the following except:
    a. ELISA
    b. NAT
    c. Plaque reduction neutralization test
    d. Immunofluorescent antibody assay

Answer 14

d. Immunofluorescent antibody assay

Question 15

15. Individuals exposed to EBV maintain an asymptomatic
    latent infection in:
    a. B cells
    b. T cells
    c. All lymphocytes
    d. Monocytes

Answer 15

a. B cells

Question 16

16. Fifth disease is caused by:
    a. CMV
    b. EBV
    c. Parvovirus B19
    d. HTLV-II

Answer 16

c. Parvovirus B19

Question 17

17. Transient aplastic crisis can occur with:
    a. Parvovirus B19
    b. WNV
    c. CMV
    d. EBV

Answer 17

a. Parvovirus B19

Question 18

18. Reasons why syphilis is so rare in the U.S. blood supply
    include all of the following except:
    a. 4°C storage conditions
    b. Donor questionnaire
    c. Short spirochetemia
    d. NAT testing

Answer 18

d. NAT testing

Question 19

19. Nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV was instituted
    in donor testing protocols to:
    a. Identify donors with late-stage HIV who lack
    antibodies
    b. Confirm the presence of anti-HIV in asymptomatic
    HIV-infected donors
    c. Reduce the window period by detecting the virus
    earlier than other available tests
    d. Detect antibodies to specific HIV viral proteins,
    including anti-p24, anti-gp41, and anti-gp120

Answer 19

c. Reduce the window period by detecting the virus
earlier than other available tests

Question 20

20. Screening for HIV is performed using the following
    technique:
    a. Radio immunoassay
    b. WB
    c. Immunofluorescent antibody assay
    d. NAT

Answer 20

d. NAT

Question 21

21. The first form of pathogen inactivation was:
    a. Chemical
    b. Heat
    c. Cold-ethanol fractionation
    d. Anion-exchange chromatography

Answer 21

b. Heat

Question 22

22. What is the most common parasitic complication of
    transfusion?
    a. Babesia microti
    b. Trypanosoma cruzi
    c. Plasmodium species
    d. Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 22

c. Plasmodium species

Question 23

23. Which organism has a characteristic C- or U-shape on
    stained blood smears?
    a. Trypanosoma cruzi
    b. Plasmodium vivax
    c. Plasmodium falciparum
    d. Babesia microti

Answer 23

a. Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 24

24. Which transfusion-associated parasite may have asymptomatic carriers?
    a. Babesia microti
    b. Trypanosoma cruzi
    c. Plasmodium species
    d. All of the above

Answer 24

d. All of the above

Question 25

25. Which disease is naturally caused by the bite of a deer
    tick?
    a. Chagas disease
    b. Babesiosis
    c. Malaria
    d. Leishmaniasis

Answer 25

b. Babesiosis