Concepts in Molecular biology

Question 1

1. The central dogma of molecular biology states that:
   a. DNA is the genetic material.
   b. RNA is the genetic material.
   c. DNA is translated to mRNA.
   d. Proteins are transcribed from mRNA.

Answer 1

a. DNA is the genetic material.

Question 2

2. Recombinant-DNA technology is possible because:
   a. Restriction endonucleases cut RNA.
   b. Restriction endonucleases cut proteins.
   c. The genetic code is universal.
   d. Bacteria are difficult to culture.

Answer 2

c. The genetic code is universal.

Question 3

3. Agarose gel electrophoresis is a technique used for:
   a. DNA synthesis.
   b. RNA synthesis.
   c. Separation of DNA molecules by size.
   d. Oligonucleotide synthesis

Answer 3

c. Separation of DNA molecules by size.

Question 4

4. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is
   based on the use of the enzymes:
   a. Reverse transcriptases.
   b. Bacterial endonucleases.
   c. DNA polymerases.
   d. RNA polymerases.

Answer 4

b. Bacterial endonucleases.

Question 5

5. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
   a. Is carried out in vivo.
   b. Is used for peptide synthesis.
   c. Requires RNA polymerase.
   d. Is used for the amplification of DNA

Answer 5

d. Is used for the amplification of DNA

Question 6

6. Plasmids are:
   a. Vectors used for molecular cloning.
   b. Antibiotics.
   c. Enzymes.
   d. Part of chromosomes.

Answer 6

a. Vectors used for molecular cloning.

Question 7

7. Some model organisms:
   a. Simplify the study of human disease.
   b. Are used to produce recombinant proteins.
   c. Are prokaryotes and some are eukaryotes.
   d. All of the above

Answer 7

d. All of the above

Question 8

8. DNA sequencing:
   a. Is more difficult than peptide sequencing.
   b. Requires the use of RNA polymerase.
   c. Can never be automated.
   d. Is an enzymatic in vitro reaction

Answer 8

d. Is an enzymatic in vitro reaction

Question 9

9. RFLP and SSP are techniques used for:
   a. Protein isolation.
   b. RNA isolation.
   c. DNA typing.
   d. Protein typing.

Answer 9

c. DNA typing.

Question 10

10. Recombinant DNA techniques:
    a. Are not used in a clinical setting.
    b. Are useful research tools.
    c. Are not used in blood banking.
    d. Are useful only for research.

Answer 10

b. Are useful research tools.

Question 11

11. Transcription-mediated amplification:
    a. Requires thermostable DNA polymerase.
    b. Is an isothermal procedure.
    c. Is an obsolete method currently replaced by SSOP.
    d. Utilizes probes labeled with fluorescent tags.

Answer 11

b. Is an isothermal procedure.

Question 12

12. Preseroconversion window:
    a. Is the time when donors can be infected but do not
    yet test positive by serologic methods.
    b. May be narrowed by using molecular methods.
    c. Refers mainly to viral pathogens.
    d. All of the above

Answer 12

d. All of the above

Question 13

13. Red blood cell molecular antigen typing is useful in all
    listed situations except:
    a. In screening RBC inventory for antigen-negative
    units.
    b. When reagent antibodies are weak or unavailable.
    c. In quantitative gene expression analysis.
    d. When resolving ABO discrepancies.

Answer 13

c. In quantitative gene expression analysis.