Transcription & Translation Flashcards
Separates double stranded DNA into single strands
DNA helicase
Synthesizes short RNA priners
DNA primase
Synthesizes DNA in leading and lagging strands, proofreads DNA
DNA Polymerase
Attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments in lagging strand
DNA ligase
Binds to a single strand to prevent reforming double strands ( Not an enzyme)
SSB
DNA codes for ____
RNA ____ the code
RNA translates the code into ___
RNA
Carries
Protein
Genetic information is expressed into structure and function through _____ _____
Protein synthesis
DNA in a gene determines the sequence of ______ in an RNA molecule
Nucleotides
What controls the primary structure of a protein
RNA
What replaces thiamine in RNA
Uracil
What is the sugar in RNA
Ribose
What are Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
Nitrogenious bases
Takes the message from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Messenger DNA
With ribosomal proteins, make up ribosomes, where polypeptides are synthesized
Ribosomal (rRNA)
Transfers the appropriate amino acids to the ribosomes
Transfer (tRNA)
Where are codons found
Messenger DNA
Each of the 20 amino acids found in protein is specified by one or more ….
Codons
There are ___ condons for ___ amino acids
64 / 20
A single codon can only code for 1 amino acid
True or False
True
Is mRna modified before leaving the nucleus
Yes
Pre-mRNA is composed of …
Exons and introns
In transcription _____ get expressed and _____ occur in between the exons
Exons/ Introns
Where does mRNA processing happen?
In the nucleus
Where are codons and anticodons found?
Codons messenger RNA
Anticodons Transfer RNA
The sequence of _____ in the mRNA at a ribsome and directs the sequence of amino acids
Codons
The mRNA transcript associates with thr _____ of a ribosome.
rRNA
What brings in Amino Acids to the ribosomes during Translation
tRNA
How many possible amticodons are there?
64
3 steps of Translation
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
Initiator tRNA:
Always has the _____ anticodon
UAC
Start codon
AUG
mRNA Job
Carries message from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA Job
Has anticodons, carries amino acid to chromosomes
rRNA
Large and small subunits , site of translation
DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA
Transcription
At ribosomes: mRNA is translated into amino acid sequence ( with tRNA)
Translation
Which of the following facilities the binding of tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons
Elongation factors
Rank the termination events in sequence from first to last
- Protein product is released
- Release factor binds to stop codon
- Ribosomal subunits dissociate
2
1
3
_____ facilitate the binding of tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons
Elongation factors
____ are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for synthesizing proteins
Genes
This states that: the flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to Protein to traits
Central dogma
The sequence of ________ in mRNA directs the correct sequence of ______ _______ of a polypeptide during translation
Nucleotides / Amino Acids
What does the genetic code consist of?
Codons
_______ begins when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter?
Transcription
Elongation continues untl….
RNA polymerase reaches a stop sequence
What enzyme does the splicesome use to edit Exons and introns?
Rivozymes
What helps the Splicesome identify the introns to be removed?
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
Some introns serve as ________ which help regulate the translation of mRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA)
Each tRNA has what at each end?
Anticodons & Amino Acid
What are polyribosomes?
Many ribosomes moving along the same mRNA at the same time
Field of study on how proteins are made, function, and are modified by other organelles
Proteomics
