Community And Ecosystem Ecology Flashcards
Different species interacting in same environment
Community
3 characteristics that allow us to compare communities
Abundance:
Species composition: ( species richness) = number of diffetent species in a community
Species diversity :( Variety of species in a community)
Diversity: Both the number of species in an area and the even eveness of their abundance.
This “model” says biodiversity is dependent on its distance from the mainland, the closer the more diverse
Island biogeography model
Abiotic factors
Biotic factors
Temps and precipitation
Competitors, parasites, predators
Comprises all abiotic conditions under which a species can survive when adverse biotic conditions are absent
Fundamental niche
Comprises conditions under which a species does survive when adverse biotic interactions, competition and predators are present
Realized niche
A species ______ ______ tends to be larger than its realized niche
Fundamental niche
Theory that 2 species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place and time
Competitive exclusion principle
Mechanism that increases the number of niches by dividing the resources among species
Resource Partitioning
Difference between species richness and diversity
Species richness is a list of all species found in the community
Species diversity considers richness and relative abundance of each species
Difference between a species Habitat and Niche
Habitat is where it lives
Niche is the role it plays in the community, ie. Producer or Consumer
Results from populations that have been separated by geographic events
Allopatric
Speciation that occurs in the absence of a physical barrier
Sympatric speciation
What is a chromesome number beyond the diploid (2n) number
Polyploidy
Two types of polyploidy
And the difference
Autoploidy forms a triploid Sterlie Plant
Alloploidy forms a new species
Rapid evolution of several species from a common ancestor into new ecological or geographic zones
Adaptive Radiation
In an ecosystem, the freedom of a species to expand its use of available resources due to elimination of competition
Ecological Release
Mature and stable community that results when succession has come to an end
Climax community
Identity the events that happen in
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Primary: Soil is formed
Secondary: one species over takes another
Grasses, shrubs, trees
Facilitation
Inhibition
Tolerance
Facilitation Model: a community will grow towards becoming a climax community
Inhibition Model: Colonist will inhibit the growth of a community
Tolerance Model: Various plants can colonize the same space at the same time.
Non living components of the ecosystem
Abiotic
Components of the living ecosystem
Biotic
Some bacteria are chemosynthetic meaning.
Where do we find these bacteria?
They obtain energy from inorganic compounds, like ammonia, nitrites, sulfides
use this energy to make organic compounds.
Caves and hydrothermal vents
What eats decomposing substances
Detritivores
Every ecosystem is characterized by 2 fundamental events.
______ flow and ______ cycling
Energy and Chemical
Communities differing in composition is known as…
Species richness
______ _______ includes both species richness and relative abundance
Species diversity
This model helps us determine the ideal size of conservation areas
Island biogeographical
This principle states that no two species can indefinitely occupy the same niche at the same time.
Competive exclusion principle
Resource partitioning decreases competition between species, which can lead to _____ ______
Character Displacement
A change in one species in response to a change in the other.
Coevolution
A series of species replacements in a community
Ecological Succession
As energy flows from one level to the next, it is depicted as an ….
Ecological pyramid
_______ ______ are the pathways in which chemicals circulate through ecosystems
Biogeochemical cycles
What involves a reservoir, an exchange pool, and a biotic community
Biogeochemical cycle
Do living and dead organisms serve as reservoirs for the carbon cycle?
Yes
In the phosphorus cycle, geological ________ move phosphorus from the ocean to land
Upheavals
What returns phosphorus to the soil
Slow weathering of rocks
What is eutrophication
Excessive accumulation of phosphorus in the aquatic community
Can plants use Nitogen directly from the air?
No
What do plants do to the Nitrogen from the air?
Nitrogen fixation
N² converted to ammonium
Difference between Nitrification and Denitrification?
Nitrification: production of nitrates
Denitrification: conversion of nitrate back to N², which enters the atmosphere
