Community And Ecosystem Ecology

Question 1

Different species interacting in same environment

Answer 1

Community

Question 2

3 characteristics that allow us to compare communities

Answer 2

Abundance:

Species composition: ( species richness) = number of diffetent species in a community

Species diversity :( Variety of species in a community)

Diversity: Both the number of species in an area and the even eveness of their abundance.

Question 3

This “model” says biodiversity is dependent on its distance from the mainland, the closer the more diverse

Answer 3

Island biogeography model

Question 4

Abiotic factors

Biotic factors

Answer 4

Temps and precipitation

Competitors, parasites, predators

Question 5

Comprises all abiotic conditions under which a species can survive when adverse biotic conditions are absent

Answer 5

Fundamental niche

Question 6

Comprises conditions under which a species does survive when adverse biotic interactions, competition and predators are present

Answer 6

Realized niche

Question 7

A species ______ ______ tends to be larger than its realized niche

Answer 7

Fundamental niche

Question 8

Theory that 2 species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place and time

Answer 8

Competitive exclusion principle

Question 9

Mechanism that increases the number of niches by dividing the resources among species

Answer 9

Resource Partitioning

Question 10

Difference between species richness and diversity

Answer 10

Species richness is a list of all species found in the community

Species diversity considers richness and relative abundance of each species

Question 11

Difference between a species Habitat and Niche

Answer 11

Habitat is where it lives

Niche is the role it plays in the community, ie. Producer or Consumer

Question 12

Results from populations that have been separated by geographic events

Answer 12

Allopatric

Question 13

Speciation that occurs in the absence of a physical barrier

Answer 13

Sympatric speciation

Question 14

What is a chromesome number beyond the diploid (2n) number

Answer 14

Polyploidy

Question 15

Two types of polyploidy

And the difference

Answer 15

Autoploidy forms a triploid Sterlie Plant

Alloploidy forms a new species

Question 16

Rapid evolution of several species from a common ancestor into new ecological or geographic zones

Answer 16

Adaptive Radiation

Question 17

In an ecosystem, the freedom of a species to expand its use of available resources due to elimination of competition

Answer 17

Ecological Release

Question 18

Mature and stable community that results when succession has come to an end

Answer 18

Climax community

Question 19

Identity the events that happen in

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

Answer 19

Primary: Soil is formed

Secondary: one species over takes another
Grasses, shrubs, trees

Question 20

Facilitation

Inhibition

Tolerance

Answer 20

Facilitation Model: a community will grow towards becoming a climax community

Inhibition Model: Colonist will inhibit the growth of a community

Tolerance Model: Various plants can colonize the same space at the same time.

Question 21

Non living components of the ecosystem

Answer 21

Abiotic

Question 22

Components of the living ecosystem

Answer 22

Biotic

Question 23

Some bacteria are chemosynthetic meaning.

Where do we find these bacteria?

Answer 23

They obtain energy from inorganic compounds, like ammonia, nitrites, sulfides

use this energy to make organic compounds.

Caves and hydrothermal vents

Question 24

What eats decomposing substances

Answer 24

Detritivores

Question 25

Every ecosystem is characterized by 2 fundamental events.

______ flow and ______ cycling

Answer 25

Energy and Chemical

Question 26

Communities differing in composition is known as…

Answer 26

Species richness

Question 27

______ _______ includes both species richness and relative abundance

Answer 27

Species diversity

Question 28

This model helps us determine the ideal size of conservation areas

Answer 28

Island biogeographical

Question 29

This principle states that no two species can indefinitely occupy the same niche at the same time.

Answer 29

Competive exclusion principle

Question 30

Resource partitioning decreases competition between species, which can lead to _____ ______

Answer 30

Character Displacement

Question 31

A change in one species in response to a change in the other.

Answer 31

Coevolution

Question 32

A series of species replacements in a community

Answer 32

Ecological Succession

Question 33

As energy flows from one level to the next, it is depicted as an ….

Answer 33

Ecological pyramid

Question 34

_______ ______ are the pathways in which chemicals circulate through ecosystems

Answer 34

Biogeochemical cycles

Question 35

What involves a reservoir, an exchange pool, and a biotic community

Answer 35

Biogeochemical cycle

Question 36

Do living and dead organisms serve as reservoirs for the carbon cycle?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

In the phosphorus cycle, geological ________ move phosphorus from the ocean to land

Answer 37

Upheavals

Question 38

What returns phosphorus to the soil

Answer 38

Slow weathering of rocks

Question 39

What is eutrophication

Answer 39

Excessive accumulation of phosphorus in the aquatic community

Question 40

Can plants use Nitogen directly from the air?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

What do plants do to the Nitrogen from the air?

Answer 41

Nitrogen fixation

N² converted to ammonium

Question 42

Difference between Nitrification and Denitrification?

Answer 42

Nitrification: production of nitrates

Denitrification: conversion of nitrate back to N², which enters the atmosphere